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Biomedical subjects

D S Janowsky

Publications and source records attributed to D S Janowsky.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Adrenergic-cholinergic balance and the treatment of affective disorders.

Centrally acting cholinomimetic drugs cause anergia, behavioral inhibition and depression. Centrally acting cholinomimetic drugs have antimanic properties. Combinations of acetylcholine precursors and centrally active cholinomimetic agents may cause augmented muscarinic effects, as may a combination of an antiadrenergic and cholinomimetic drugs. Centrally active anticholinergic agents may exert antidepressant effects. Affective disorder patients may show hyperreactivity to cholinomimetic agents, a phenomena which may have diagnostic significance.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1982

Blunted prolactin response. A neuroendocrine abnormality manifested by depressed patients.

Prolactin concentrations of 30 unmedicated psychiatric inpatients and 11 normal controls were measured at baseline and at 30 and 60 minutes after the administration of 10 mg of intramuscular methadone hydrochloride. Methadone raised the prolactin level at 60 minutes to more than twice the mean baseline level for the full subject sample. Patients with depressive disorders had lower mean basal prolactin levels than did the other subjects, and also manifested attenuated prolactin responses to methadone. Eight of 16 depressives had markedly blunted prolactin responses, a finding consistent with other studies reporting deficient responses in depression. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the pathophysiology of depressive disorders involves dysfunctions in the anterior pituitary itself or in the hypothalamic neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems (eg, endorphins) that regulate the secretion of prolactin and other neurohormones.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Remote memory during marijuana intoxication.

The effects of acute marijuana intoxication on remote memory and new learning were assessed. To test for the effects of marijuana on remote memory, titles of one-season television shows, aired up to 14 years previously, were used in three tests measuring recognition, temporal judgement and detailed recall of facts from the shows. Marijuana did not affect remote memory in comparison to placebo. The effects of marijuana on the learning of a word list were also tested. Marijuana significantly impaired new learning at the same time that remote memory was unaffected.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effect of methadone on the behavioral and neuroendocrine responses of manic patients.

In a double-blind, crossover design, 10 mg of methadone or an inert placebo were administered intramuscularly to nine acutely manic patients in identical experimental sessions separated by 1 day. Standardized behavioral observations, self-ratings of mood and affect, and blood samples for prolactin and cortisol were obtained at baseline and 30, 60, and 120 minutes after the administration of methadone or placebo. Methadone decreased symptoms of euphoria, elation, and grandiosity in these manics. There was a significant rise in prolactin, peaking at 60 minutes, and a significant decrease in cortisol, maximal at 120 minutes following methadone administration. There appeared to be a correlational consistency between the subduing effects of methadone on behavior and its effect upon prolactin and cortisol secretion. These findings, together with data from previous studies of our own and others, suggest that a potentially important interrelationship may exist between the central endogenous opioid peptide systems, various neuroendocrine regulatory factors, and the pathophysiology of affective disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The effects of psychotropic drugs on the cardiovascular system.

Clinicians may encounter substantial numbers of patients with cardiovascular disease who may be receiving cardiovascular medications and who also need psychopharmacologic intervention. To provide information regarding the management of such patients, the pharmacology of the major classes of psychoactive agents is reviewed with respect to their cardiotoxicity, cardiovascular side effects, and drug-drug interactions. Management of the cardiovascular complications of psychotropic overdose is discussed, and potential therapeutic uses of psychoactive medications in patients with cardiovascular pathology are noted.

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic↗
PubMed1981

Effects of lithium carbonate on methylphenidate-induced mood, behavior, and cognitive processes.

Evidence is presented which suggests that lithium modifies the mood and behavioral alterations resulting from IV methylphenidate. Specifically, lithium significantly reduces the level of arousal-activation, euphoria-grandiosity, and the total score of manic-state ratings following a methylphenidate challenge. In addition, lithium appears to be capable of modifying the growth hormone response to methylphenidate.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Physostigmine induction of depressive symptomatology in normal human subjects.

Nine normal volunteers, screened for the absence of a personal or family history of affective disorders and free of concurrent marijuana usage, received intravenous infusions of high dose physostigmine or saline in a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced paradigm. Self-rating and observer ratings both demonstrated a statistically significant, physostigmine associated increase in depressive-type symptoms in the group as a whole, particularly pronounced in certain individuals. These results are the first report of physostigmine associated depressive symptomatology in normal subjects. While our findings are discrepant with two previous studies, our use of multiple self-ratings, and some differences in physostigmine dosage and infusion times might have contributed to this difference. These findings suggest that high dose physostigmine may represent a pharmacological model of depression in normal subjects, or alternatively may be diagnostic of vulnerability to affective disorder in certain subjects free of a previous history of affective disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Effects of naloxone-HCl on cortisol levels in patients with affective disorder and normal controls.

Cortisol levels were measured before and after administration of naloxone-HCl in patients with affective disorder (n = 16) and normal control subjects (n = 8). On two consecutive days, 20 mg of naloxone-HCl or placebo was administered i.v. over 15 minutes in a double-blind crossover design. Blood samples were collected at 30, 15, and l minute(s) both before and after infusion. Cortisol rose from a mean baseline level of 14.8 microgram% to a mean peak level of 23.1 microgram% following the naloxone administration. Significant cortisol increases were found in both the 15- and 30-minute samples during the naloxone session. There were no differences between patient and normal subject samples or between diagnostic groups. A subgroup of manic patients who had responded to naloxone with a reduction of their manic behavior also had an attenuated cortisol response to naloxone. This proved to be an artifact secondary to variability in the cortisol response in these patients.

Adult↗