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Biomedical subjects

D Russo

Publications and source records attributed to D Russo.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Photodynamic therapy of ascites tumours within the peritoneal cavity.

A murine ascites tumour was treated with intraperitoneal haematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and laser light (10mW, 514nm, Argon laser). HPD was given intraperitoneally 2 hours before 16 minute laser treatment. Uptake studies 2 hours after HPD injection showed 5-12 fold greater concentration of HPD in tumour cells than in 4 different normal tissues. A total of four HPD/laser treatments, given at 2 day intervals, resulted in 100% complete response; the cure rate was 85%. This study illustrates the effective use of intraperitoneal photodynamic therapy and opens the possibility of exploring different sensitizers, excitation wavelengths, and delivery systems in the treatment of human ascites tumours.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Human myeloid precursor cells do not possess or produce procoagulant activity (PCA).

The procoagulant cellular activity (PCA) of human myeloid precursor cells was evaluated after fractionation of normal bone marrow cells over a discontinuous albumin density gradient. No PCA was documented in any of the six freshly isolated fractions (F1-F6); significant amounts of PCA were instead produced, after a 4-h endotoxin preincubation, in fractions F1 and F2, which, unlike the other fractions, contained up to 5% monocyte-macrophages. After removal of the latter by plastic adherence, the PCA was abolished. This study shows that PCA can be produced only by monocyte-macrophages upon endotoxin activation, while myeloid precursor cells, at all stages of differentiation, are incapable of PCA. The PCA demonstrated in some human acute myeloid leukemias, other than that of the monoblastic subgroup, appears therefore to be related to the neoplastic transformation rather than to a maturation arrest or to a toxemic stimulation.

Blood Coagulation Factors↗
PubMed1985

Prognostic significance of normal quantitative planar thallium-201 stress scintigraphy in patients with chest pain.

The prognostic significance of normal quantitative planar thallium-201 stress scintigraphy was evaluated in patients with a chest pain syndrome. The prevalence of cardiac events during follow-up was related to the pretest (that is, before stress scintigraphy) likelihood of coronary artery disease determined on the basis of symptoms, age, sex and stress electrocardiography. In a consecutive series of 344 patients who had adequate thallium-201 stress scintigrams, 95 had unequivocally normal studies by quantitative analysis. The pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease in the 95 patients had a bimodal distribution. During a mean follow-up period of 22 +/- 3 months, no patient died. Three patients (3%) had a cardiac event: two of these patients (pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease 54 and 94%) had a nonfatal myocardial infarction 8 and 22 months, respectively, after stress scintigraphy, and one patient (pretest likelihood 98%) underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty 16 months after stress scintigraphy for persisting anginal complaints. Three patients were lost to follow-up; all three had a low pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease. It is concluded that patients with chest pain and normal findings on quantitative thallium-201 scintigraphy have an excellent prognosis. Cardiac events are rare (infarction rate 1% per year) and occur in patients with a moderate to high pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Procoagulant cellular activity and disseminated intravascular coagulation in acute non-lymphoid leukaemia.

The procoagulant cellular activity (PCA) of intact and lysed leukaemic cells was evaluated at diagnosis in 23 patients with acute non-lymphoid leukaemia (ANLL). The leukaemic cells of all 13 patients having DIC feature (excess of fibrin monomers, serum FDP and plasma fibrino-peptide A) showed a significant (P less than 0.0001) increase of PCA, while a pattern similar to that of normal granulocytes and lymphomonocytes was observed in the remaining 10 patients without evidence of DIC. When the patients were subdivided according to the FAB cytological classification, features of DIC and increased PCA were demonstrated in 3/3 M3 patients, 5/6 M5 patients and only in 5/14 remaining patients. These findings indicate that in ANLL patients: (1) the increased PCA of leukaemic cells is closely related to the occurrence of DIC; (2) the increased PCA seems related to the differentiation line and maturation level of the leukaemic cells.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Role of prostaglandins in captopril-induced natriuresis.

To determine whether prostaglandins (PG) contribute to captopril-induced natriuresis, 20 hypertensive subjects were assigned to one of the following three groups: group a, captopril (C) administration; group b, C + indomethacin (I); group c, I alone. Captopril was given in a dose of 100, 200, 400 mg/day and indomethacin in a dose of 100mg/day for one week. In group a (n = 10), natriuresis was clearly increased in the seven day periods with captopril in a dose of 200 and 400mg/day but not at 100mg/day. After captopril 200 or 400mg/day, but not 100mg/day, urinary PGE2 and PGI2 excretion significantly increased while filtration fraction fell due to a rise in renal plasma flow. Plasma aldosterone (PA) significantly decreased after C(p less than 0.05). In group b (n = 7), natriuresis disappeared during captopril 200 or 400mg/day and indomethacin administration even when PA decreased as in group a. In group c (n = 3), natriuresis was unchanged. In conclusion, natriuresis by C is critically dependent upon increased secretion of PG.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Is the antihypertensive effect of muzolimine due to volume depletion?

Long-term treatment with muzolimine in patients with essential hypertension has provided very interesting results. The administration of the drug caused an immediate significant decrease in blood pressure which was then maintained for as long as 30 months. The fall in blood pressure was initially associated with a significant decrease in body weight, a clear rise in plasma renin activity (PRA) and a significant increase in plasma aldosterone concentration; all these changes are consistent with a depletion of extracellular volume and blood volume. With time, however, the mentioned changes were reversed. Body weight, PRA and plasma aldosterone were normalized after three weeks of treatment and remained normal thereafter. This late observation suggests a normalization in extracellular fluid volume and blood volume, and an antihypertensive effect of the drug independent from volume depletion. How can this effect occur? One possible explanation is a direct vasodilatory effect of muzolimine which has been shown in experimental animals. Against such a possibility is the unsuccessful treatment of hypertension in oliguric patients on regular dialysis treatment. A second possibility is a decrease in sodium content of the arteriolar wall with the consequent decrease in vascular response to pressor agents (angiotensin II, catecholamines). A third possibility is a hemodynamic adjustment to the initial volume depletion which would normalize cardiac output and peripheral resistances (autoregulation) so that normal blood pressure is maintained as in normal subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Scleroembolization for treatment of hypertension caused by intrarenal arterial fibrodysplasia.

This paper reports a 13-year-old girl with severe hypertension due to fibrodysplasia of intrarenal arterial branches in the upper pole of the left kidney. Scleroembolization of the abnormal vascular region was carried out by injecting, via a transcutaneous catheter, an 80% solution of sodium iothalamate in ethanol, followed by a suspension of Gore-Tex particles in the same solution, which resulted in complete and persistent normalization of blood pressure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Percutaneous angioplasty for treatment of renovascular hypertension.

In this study, 10 patients with renovascular hypertension were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The obstructive lesion was atherosclerotic in four cases, fibrodysplastic in five, and mixed in one. Stenosis was bilateral in two patients. Before PTA, all patients had sustained hypertension, in nine despite medication. Immediately after PTA, hypertension was cured (BP less than or equal to 140/90 mmHg without medication) in six patients, and improved (either a BP less than or equal to 140/90 or a decrease in diastolic BP greater than 15 mmHg, with equal or less medication) in three patients. The one failure occurred in the only patient in which PTA did not achieve a complete dilatation of the stenosed artery. The overall success rate was 90 per cent after a mean follow-up of 17.5 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Renal function in pregnant rats with two-kidney goldblatt hypertension.

This study was carried out in female Wistar-Münich rats with two-kidney, one-clip hypertension, using clipped normotensive rats as controls. Metabolic studies were performed in the first two weeks of pregnancy, consisting of daily measurement of systolic blood pressure (BP) (tail-cuff), body weight (BW), and salt and water balance. At the end of metabolic studies, glomerular dynamics were studied in the unclipped kidney by micropuncture. During pregnancy, urinary output of Na+ and water was greater in hypertensive than normotensive rats. The greater natriuresis accounted for a reduced Na+ retention and a lower increase in maternal BW. Micropuncture studies showed an impaired renal auto-regulation. These results show that hypertension in pregnancy causes a salt-losing tendency, that may be secondary to incomplete renal autoregulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Effects of pregnancy on glomerular dynamics: micropuncture study in the rat.

Glomerular dynamics were investigated by micropuncture in 15-day pregnant Munich-Wistar rats. Female non-pregnant rats were used as control. In hydropenia, single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) averaged 37.2 nl/min/g kidney weight in pregnant rats, and 26.2 nl/min/g kidney weight in controls (P less than 0.0005). During pregnancy, mean glomerular plasma flow (GPF) rose from 63.0 to 104.5 nl/min (P less than 0.0005), and glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure (PG) from 44.8 to 50.6 mm Hg (P less than 0.0005). This rise in PG accounted for an increase in effective filtration pressure (EFP). Mean EFP at the efferent end of the glomerulus rose from near zero to 9.7 mm Hg, indicating filtration pressure disequilibrium. After extracellular fluid volume expansion with saline, GPF and EFP were still greater during pregnancy. A filtration pressure disequilibrium occurred also in non-pregnant rats, allowing calculation of definite values of the ultrafiltration coefficient (Kf). During pregnancy, mean Kf was reduced from 0.0332 to 0.0285 nl/(sec X mm Hg) (P less than 0.005). SNGFR was moderately, but not significantly, increased. These results show that during pregnancy glomerular dynamics is characterized by a rise in GPF and EFP, and by a reduction in Kf. Following these changes, a plasma-flow dependent rise in SNGFR occurs in hydropenia. After expansion, instead, SNGFR is unmodified because the dependence of ultrafiltration on plasma-flow declines while the influence of Kf increases at high values of GPF.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Muzolimine: a new high-ceiling diuretic suitable for patients with advanced renal disease.

Muzolimine was administered by mouth to 24 patients with creatinine clearances ranging from 4 to 28 ml/min to treat oedema or hypertension, or both. In four of these 24 patients muzolimine was given after intravenous high-dose frusemide had been unsuccessful. Muzolimine significantly increased urine volume and excretions of sodium, chloride, and potassium ions. Its diuretic efficacy was further shown by a mean reduction in body-weight of 8% and by the disappearance of oedema in all affected patients, even those refractory to intravenous frusemide. No rebound phenomenon was observed after the drug was stopped. Mean blood pressure was reduced in all hypertensive patients. Blood pressure was restored to normal in five out of seven patients treated with muzolimine alone and 10 out of 11 in whom muzolimine had been added to previously unsatisfactory antihypertensive treatment. Muzolimine was well tolerated by all patients. Muzolimine appears to be the diuretic of choice when treating patients with advanced renal disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Echocardiographic detection of cardiac effects of arterio-venous dialysis fistula.

The effects of the dialysis fistula were evaluated by echocardiography in 10 patients with terminal renal failure. Echocardiography was performed the day before creation of the fistula (E0) and was then repeated 24 hours after surgery (E1), the day before the first dialysis (E2), the day following the fourth dialysis (E3) and, finally, after 6 months of RDT (E4). Left ventricular internal diameter was measured both in diastole (LVIDd) and in systole (LVIDs), allowing calculation of ventricular diameter percent shortening (LVID%), of ventricular diastolic (EDV) and systolic volume (ESV). In E1 the fistula caused a significant increase in LVIDd, accounting for a rise also in EDV. This ventricular dilation persisted in E2, but was abolished in E3 and in E4. LVIDs, ESV, and LVID% were unmodified throughout the study. these results show that the dialysis fistula causes an immediate rise in cardiac pre-load, which is rapidly reversed by RDT.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Relationship between serum albumin concentration and tubular reabsorption of glucose in renal disease.

Micropuncture studies in rats and dogs have provided evidence for a cause-and-effect relationship between peritubular protein concentration and proximal tubular reabsorption (PTR). If this effect is obtained in man, hypoalbuminemia in nephrotic syndrome should lead to a fall in PTR. Sodium excretion, however, is very low in nephrotic patients; but this sodium retention may be due to distal over-reabsorption. Glucose may be used as a marker of PTR. Because of the linkage between glucose and sodium, glucose reabsorption is expected to be suppressed when PTR of sodium is suppressed. Glucose titration studies were performed in 21 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis without renal failure divided in three groups: I (six patients) with serum albumin greater than 3 g/100 ml; II (five patients) with serum albumin of 2 to 3 g/100 ml; and III (10 patients with edema and nephrotic syndrome) with serum albumin less than 2 g/100 ml. The minimum threshold for glucose decreased in nephrotic patients (group III), and its fall was related directly to hypoalbuminemia. The splay of titration curve was markedly increased in group III when compared to the titration curves of patients without nephrotic syndrome (groups I and II). The splay point was 0.78 in group I, 0.52 in group II, and 0.37 in group III. These data provide evidence that glucose reabsorption is decreased in nephrotic syndrome and are consistent with a fall in PTR in nephrotic syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

[Our experience with peripheral vascular contrastography].

The Authors are showing here come of the most significant clinical instances of lumbar aortography and upper & lower limbs arteriography and flebography. As the work comes from the cooperation between a civilian and a Navy medical staff, the Authors hope the'll be allowed by their own respective Authorities to go further on cooperating.

Angiography↗