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Biomedical subjects

D Roux

Publications and source records attributed to D Roux.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

[Evaluation of the risks of transabdominal chorionic villus sampling. 600 cases].

The authors report their experience with fine needle chorionic villus sampling carried out transabdominally. Six hundred antenatal karyotype diagnoses were made using this method. The indications were: maternal age: 509 (85%), previous chromosomal abnormalities: 57 (9.5%), parental chromosomal abnormalities: 19 (3%), X chromosome linked diseases: 9 (1.5%), others: 6 (1%). The patients were divided into two groups according as to whether the test was carried out before or after 12 weeks of amenorrhea (Group 1 and Group 2). Each group was divided into two sub-groups according to whether the amniotic membranes were broken or not. The test was carried out using a 20 gauge needle under ultrasound control with a to-and-fro movement using continuous aspiration. The success rate was 98.4%. Minor complications were rare. Contractions 9 (1.5%), spotting 4 (0.6%), small haematomas 13 (2.1%), loss of amniotic fluid 4 (0.6%). The level of unintentional abortions depended on the duration of the pregnancy and whether the amniotic cavity or not was entered. In group 1 (before or at 12 weak amenorrhea) there were 2 abortions out of 124 cases (1.6%) and if the needle entered the amniotic cavity 10 out of 57 cases (17.5%). In group 2 (after 12 weeks of amenorrhea) there was no ill effect from going into the amniotic cavity to the rest of the pregnancy. The abortion rates was 6 out of 419 (1.43%). There were no false positive or negative results.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdomen↗
PubMed1990

Analysis of tooth movement into an extraction space in the rat.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amplitude, direction and nature (translation or rotation) of the movements of teeth bordering an extraction site. Two experimental approaches were used. In one series of experiments, second maxillary molars were removed in 10 anaesthetized rats. To allow precise measurements of tooth movement into the extraction space, small cavities were drilled in the proximal surfaces of the first and third molars facing the gap. An elastomer impression was taken and the distance between the two cavities was recorded. This measurement was repeated 1, 2 and 3 months later. After killing the rats, the skulls were dried. The direction of movement was observed on occlusal photographs, and lateral X-rays were used to evaluate the nature of the drift (translation or rotation) observed. To evaluate the impact of occlusal forces on the tooth movements, a second experimental system was used in which the antagonistic occlusal contacts on the test side were removed (12 rats). In the first experiments, the average reduction of the extraction gap was 40.7 +/- 1.8% of the initial value, and in the second experiment, 44.7 +/- 3.3%. In both experimental systems the movement was derived largely from a mesial drift of the third molar, and its rate decreased with time. Furthermore, the drift of the third molar comprised one-third rotation and two-thirds translation. Student's t-test showed no influence of occlusal forces on the tooth movements.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1990

The gene encoding L1, a neural adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin family, is located on the X chromosome in mouse and man.

The murine and human genes for the L1 neural adhesion molecule were shown to lie on conserved regions of the X chromosome to which genes responsible for several neuromuscular diseases have been mapped and which are adjacent to the fragile site (FRAXA) associated with mental retardation. By pulsed-field gel mapping we have demonstrated physical linkage between the L1 gene and other genes located in Xq28: L1 lies between the eye pigment RCP, GCP locus and the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) gene. This location is compatible with the implication of the L1 molecule in one of the X-linked neuromuscular diseases mapped to this region.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Treatment of iliac artery stenoses with the Wallstent endoprosthesis.

Sixteen symptomatic iliac artery stenoses and three occlusions in 16 patients were treated by the percutaneous implantation of Wallstent endoprostheses (Medinvent SA, Lausanne, Switzerland). The endoprosthesis consists of stainless steel monofilaments braided into a self-expanding cylinder. The indications for placement were restenosis after angioplasty (10 cases), failed arterial dilations (eight cases), and restenosis after endarterectomy (one case). The prostheses used had a mean diameter of 8 mm (range, 6-10 mm) and were placed in the external iliac (14 cases) and common iliac (five cases) arteries. The 16 stenoses were greater than 80%, and the three occlusions were longer than 7 cm. Mean length of the lesions treated was 7 cm (range, 4-14 cm). Three of the arteries thrombosed after treatment, one 2 days later and two in the month after implantation of the stent. On clinical and angiographic follow-up (mean, 16 months; range, 1-24 months) no symptoms or stenoses reappeared in the remaining 16 cases. Our experience in these cases suggests that implantation of a Wallstent endovascular prosthesis is a valuable technique for the treatment of external and common iliac artery stenoses.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Large-scale mapping and chromosome jumping in the q27 region of the human X chromosome.

We have used pulsed field gel electrophoresis for further physical mapping studies in the q27 region of the human X chromosome. We show that the DXS 102 locus and the F9 gene are separated by only 300 kb despite a genetic distance of 1.4 cM; this linkage orients our large-scale map and shows that the mcf.2 transforming sequence is telomeric to F9. A BssHII complete-digest jumping library was used to jump toward the DXS 105 locus; a 130-kb jump was achieved and the corresponding "linking clone" was obtained.

Blotting, Southern↗
PubMed1989

New helper instrument in cardiac surgery.

A new instrument has been designed for cardiac surgery. It frees the hands of the surgical assistant and is effective either for valve replacement or coronary graft anastomosis. The use of this instrument makes the operation quicker and easier.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1989

[Application of auto-expansible endoprostheses to arteries of the legs].

An endovascular support inserted percutaneously, may represent an attractive solution to prevent early obstructions and recurrent stenoses after angioplasty (ATP). 23 iliac lesions and 40 femoro-popliteal lesions, symptomatic in 55 patients, were treated with endoprostheses of the Wallstent type. For the iliac implantations, it concerned in one case a recurrence after endarterectomy, 13 cases of recurrent stenoses after ATP and 9 cases of immediate failure of the angioplasty. The mean length of the lesions under treatment was 8 cm (extreme values between 4 and 14 cm). For the femoro-opoliteal arteries, the implants concerned lesions ranging between 3 and 7 cm, in 75 p. cent of the cases, and lesions exceeding 7 cm in 25 p. cent of the cases. Three iliac thromboses and six femoro-popliteal thromboses were reported at the beginning of this study; on the contrary, no thrombosis is present in the last 18 patients treated with oral anticoagulants. The rate of recurrent stenosis is low (none at the iliac level and 10 p. cent at the femoro-popliteal level); in all other cases an excellent clinical result was obtained with a mean follow-up of 18 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The FGF-related oncogenes hst and int.2, and the bcl.1 locus are contained within one megabase in band q13 of chromosome 11, while the fgf.5 oncogene maps to 4q21.

Prompted by the observed co-amplification at the DNA level of the int.2 and hst fibroblast growth factor-related oncogenes in some tumor cells, we have investigated the precise localization of these two loci known to reside in band q13 of chromosome 11. We demonstrate by pulsed field gel analysis that these two genes are separated by only 40 kb, locate three HTF islands in their neighbourhood, and show that the bcl.1 locus (translocation breakpoint in B-cell proliferative malignancies) is not more than 1050 kb away. We also show that the fgf.5 gene which belongs to the same family is not part of this cluster and is located in band q21 of chromosome 4.

Cell Line↗
PubMed1987

The occurrence of 2'-5' oligoadenylates in Escherichia coli.

The use of a highly specific radioimmunoassay and of HPLC permitted us to confirm the occurrence of 2'-5' oligoadenylates [p chi (A2'p5')nA] in several strains of Escherichia coli. Cellular concentrations of 2'-5' oligoadenylates ranged from 50 nM to 300 nM. The mixture of 2'-5' oligoadenylates consisted primarily of pppA2'p5'A, pA2'p5'A,A2'p5'Ap and A2'p5'A under normal conditions of growth. None of them activated RNase L. Infection of the bacteria with the single-stranded DNA phage M13 or induction of a heat-inducible, non-lytic mutant of phage lambda led to a significant increase in the total pool of 2'-5' oligoadenylates, paralleling the progressive inhibition of growth. Likewise, the inhibition of protein synthesis with chloramphenicol stimulated the accumulation of 2'-5' oligoadenylates. Furthermore, the inhibition of bacterial growth by either phage or by chloramphenicol brought about a change in the composition of the 2'-5' oligoadenylate pool; 5'-phosphorylated 2'-5' oligoadenylates accumulated and became the major components. The findings indicate a parallelism between the effects of viral infection on the synthesis of 2'-5' oligoadenylates in eukaryotes and similar effects subsequent to phage growth in the bacterium E. coli.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1987

Agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, portal hypertension, and sinusoidal abnormalities.

A patient with agnogenic myeloid metaplasia suffered from gastrointestinal bleeding due to ruptured esophageal varices. The portal vein and its intrahepatic branches were patent. Except for the presence of myeloid cells, mainly megakaryocytes, in the sinusoids, liver histology was more or less normal. However, on Sirius red staining there was marked perisinusoidal fibrosis. In addition to numerous collagen bundles in the Disse space, electron microscopy also revealed the presence of hemopoietic cells, the transformation of perisinusoidal cells into fibroblasticlike or myofibroblasticlike cells, or both, and fragmentary deposits of basement membrane-like material. In the pathogenesis of sinusoidal hypertension as it occurs in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, all the factors mentioned above should probably be taken into consideration.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1987

Epitope design for the induction of antibodies which recognize a family of molecules: example of monoclonal antibodies to 2'-5' oligoadenylates.

Monoclonal antibodies directed against 2'-5' oligoadenylates (pxA(2'pA)n 0 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 3, n greater than or equal to 1) have been obtained with A2'pA-succinyl albumin as immunogen. A competition assay using 125I iodo succinyl A2'pA tyrosine methyl ester as a tracer and thirty chemically related analogs was used to investigate the molecular basis governing their reactivity. We show that the use of a hapten as small as A2'pA elicits antibodies of high affinity for this dinucleotide (Kd = 2 x 10(-11) M). The overall immunoreactivity is essentially shared between the first moiety (5'OH A2'p) and the 2'-5' phosphodiester bond; however, the second moiety is an integral part of the epitope which extends up to the spacer. Therefore, any modification at the 5'OH end or of the 2'-5' structure dramatically decreases the binding. Modifications at the 2' and/or 3' ends are favourable if they mimic the immunogen. Modifications of the ribose backbone reveal the part of antigenicity due to the different 3'OH groups. Substitution of the bases show that the second adenine is implicated in the antigenicity. We demonstrate how, with such requirements, these antibodies recognize A2'pA alone or at the 5' end of or else included in longer oligonucleotides.

Adenine Nucleotides↗