Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Ross.
The authors describe a philosophical approach to projection graphics, and a cookbook procedural approach to the use of the 3M Color Key process, with variations on recommended methods. The philosophy is Mr. Goldenberg's, the recipes Mr. Ross's.
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Laser light scattering has been used to investigate particle movements in a plant cell. Intensity autocorrelation functions are obtained by digital photon correlation of laser light scattered from cells of Nitella opaca both during cytoplasmic streaming and during the transitory cessation of streaming induced by electrical stimulation. The average velocity computed from the periodic oscillation in the intensity autocorrelation function during streaming corresponds to the velocity estimated using light microscopy. An estimate of the distribution of streaming velocities has been obtained from the decay in the amplitude of the envelope of the autocorrelation function derived from a streaming cell.
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In a 20-month-old child with classic transposition of the great arteries the pulmonary artery, coronary arteries, and aorta were successfully retransposed at arterial level. It was difficult to reimplant the coronary arteries in the dilated pulmonary artery root without damaging the attachments of the valve cusps, and it may be better to divide the pulmonary artery first to avoid this hazard. Retransposition at arterial level will not be suitable for all patients with transposition of the great arteries, and many questions about long-term outcome remain to be answered.
Twenty patients with recurrent and disseminated carcinoma of the cervix were treated with Bleomycin, 10 mg/m2 weekly and Methotrexate, 10 mg/m2 every fourth day. Twelve of the 20 (60%) had a greater than 50% shrinking of measured tumor masses lasting a median remission time of 7.5 months. The data suggest that combination protracted chemotherapy with these drugs of metastatic cervical cancer might improve the outlook of patients with this condition.
A retrospective analysis of the data involving all specimens submitted to the mycobacteriology laboratory over the past 20 months supports the continued use of the acid-fast smear as an aid in the detection of tuberculosis.
During the 10 years from 1964 to 1973, fifteen patients with severe syphilitic aortic regurgitation were treated surgically at the National Heart Hospital. In thirteen the valve was replaced and in two it was repaired. In addition four had replacement of an aneurysmal ascending aorta with a Dacron graft and seven some form of plastic repair to the coronary ostia. Three patients died within 1 month of surgery and a further six during the follow-up period which varied from 1 to 55 months (mean 25-5). The six survivors have been followed-up for an average of 33 months. Factors contributing to this high mortality were analysed and it was found that the mean duration of effort dyspnoea was 22 months in the survivors compared with 48 months in those who had died. Similarly the average duration of nocturnal dyspnoea was 4 months in the survivors compared with a mean of 8 months in those who had died. Only six out of the fifteen patients had angina; this was present in two of the survivors and in four of the fatalities. The pulse pressure, heart size, and haemodynamic findings were similar in the two groups. The prognostic value of an elevated erythocyte sedimentation rate was also examined. It was concluded that preoperative investigations should include aortography, coronary arteriography, an assessment of left ventricular function, and whenever possible myocardial biopsy. These data were interpreted as suggesting that patients should be referred for surgery at an earlier stage in the disease--certainly before the onset of cardiac failure and--and that if this more aggresive attitude was adopted, as it has been in non-syphilitic cases of aortic valve disease, the present high mortality in this group would be reduced.
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This review presents our experience in the use of propranolol in the management of cardiac infarction. The drug has now been shown to have a definite place, not only in the prevention of cardiac infarction, but also in the treatment of some of the complications. The drug has also been advocated because it may minimize the extent of myocardial damage.
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A total of 70 224 blood donations were tested at three Scottish blood transfusion centres for hepatitis B surface antigen /HBsAg) by an economical haemagglutination-inhibition method (E.H.A.I.) and the results compared with those of counterelectrophoresis (C.E.P.). A further 4086 donations were tested using the Wellcome turkey cell haemagglutination test, C.E.P., and E.H.A.I.E.H.A.I. was also compared with commercial haemagglutination and radioimmunoassay reagents for sensitivity and specificity against several established antigen panels and used to reinvestigate counterelectrophoresis-negative blood donations implicated in post-transfusion hepatitis. E.H.A.I. combines the inherent specificity of an inhibition reaction with a sensitivity equal to that of commercial radioimmunoassay and haemagglutination kits but at a fraction of the cost. The assessment of 70 224 blood donations in three regions showed that E.H.A.I. detected more antigen-positive blood donations than C.E.P. Results of retesting more than 100 blood donors implicated in 10 cases of post-transfusion hepatitis suggested that the use of E.H.A.I. or a test of similar sensitivity in place of C.E.P. may significantly reduce the incidence of this complication.
Forty-five patients with Fallot's tetralogy or pulmonary atresia had total correction 2 to 6 years after palliative ascending aorta to right pulmonary artery anastomosis (Waterston's shunt). The operative mortality for total correction is increased in this group. Patients shown subsequently to have had a good anatomical correction died unexpectedly with high central pulmonary artery pressure, falling arterial PO2, low cardiac output, and progressive acidosis. The cause of this syndrome was difficult to determine. Histological examination of the lungs showed that severe pulmonary arteriolar thickening was not present. The factors apparently predisposing to these postoperative difficulties were kinking of the right pulmonary artery and/or lone perfusion of the right lung, remaining uncorrected for several years, in patients with pulmonary atresia or with Fallot's tetralogy with a shunt performed under the age of 3 years. In survivors, stenosis of the right pulmonary artery frequently occurred but was rarely severe. In view of these difficulties, early haemodynamic and angiocardiographic assessment is recommended in all patients with aorta to right pulmonary artery anastomosis, irrespective of the clinical result, in order to delineate the central pulmonary artery anatomy and assess perfusion of each lung; if kinking of the right pulmonary artery and inadequate perfusion of the central pulmonary arteries and left lung are demonstrated, early radical corrective surgery is recommended.
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