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Biomedical subjects

D Rosenberg

Publications and source records attributed to D Rosenberg.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Use of meta-analysis to evaluate tolonium chloride in oral cancer screening.

This study used meta-analysis, an analytical technique that uses raw data from previous researchers, to estimate the efficacy of screening for oral cancer with tolonium chloride (TCl). TCl, a vital blue dye, selectively stains acid tissue components such as DNA and RNA and has been used for more than 20 years by surgeons to identify suspected cancerous lesions. It has not been routinely used by dentists to screen either general or high-risk populations. Sensitivity and specificity, as well as positive and negative predictive values for the TCl test, were calculated. Sensitivity of TCl ranged from 97.8% to 93.5%, and specificity ranged from 92.9% to 73.3%. It was determined that if TCl is used to screen high-risk populations, the likelihood of a false negative finding is extremely low, whereas false positive results will be relatively numerous. However, given the high sensitivity of the test, the absolute number of false positive tests will be small. Further analysis is needed to evaluate the economic costs of false positives and false negatives, versus the value of identifying true positives at an early stage.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1989

The cloning of the Bar region and the B breakpoint in Drosophila melanogaster: evidence for a transposon-induced rearrangement.

We have cloned the B breakpoint in Drosophila melanogaster using DNA from a P-M-induced revertant of B, which has a P element inserted at the B breakpoint. The analysis of the B DNA reveals that there is a transposable element, B104, right at the breakpoint. This suggests that this element may have been involved in the generation of the B breakpoint and the associated tandem duplication. One possible mechanism to generate the B duplication is a recombination event between two B104 elements, one at 16A1 and the other at 16A7. DNA sequencing data of the junctions of the B104 element support this model. Four partial revertants of B are the result of insertions of transposable elements very close to the B breakpoint. This supports the hypothesis that the breakpoint is the cause of the B mutation. The clones from B were used to isolate wild-type clones from 16A1, the location of the Bar gene. Four rearrangement breakpoints associated with various Bar mutations map within a 37-kb region, suggesting that the Bar gene is very large.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Effects of the pH and the urine infected by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis on chromic catgut, polyglycolic acid and polyglactin 910: study in vitro.

In order to study the effects of the pH and the urine infected by Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis on chromic catgut, polyglycolic acid (PGA) and polyglactin 910 (P910), we divided the experiment into three steps. In the first step, the behavior of suture material immersed in sterile urine, urine infected by E. coli and urine infected by P. mirabilis and in culture environment infected by P. mirabilis was studied. The physical features were observed continuously up to the 6th day. In the second step, every element of the urea-splitting reaction was isolatedly studied , without the presence of bacterial agents. And in the last step, that reaction was mimetized in sterile environments and in environments with acid and alkaline pH. While the chromic catgut was kept integral in all the environments, the PGA and the P910 dissolved in urine infected by Proteus, which was caused by the ammonia resulting from the urea-splitting reaction. This dissolution was also observed in sterile environment (mimetization of the urea-splitting reaction by urease, with no Proteus). The destruction of the sutures was not influenced by the pH variance.

Catgut↗
PubMed1988

Relationships among dental functional status, clinical dental measures, and generic health measures.

Current measures of dental health status are primarily clinical in nature and rely on clinical and radiographic assessment of the patient's dental health. Information about a patient's ability to perform usual activities related to good dental health--for example, chewing, speaking, and smiling--is not routinely collected. This study investigated what measures contribute to dental functional status, how they are related to traditional clinical measures, whether dental factors contribute to other generic measures of health, and the extent to which dental factors contribute to overall quality of life. Regression analyses of interview and clinical data from 159 dental patients show that while periodontal status and the number of dental symptoms do explain some of dental functional status, the clinical measures of decayed, missing, and filled teeth do not. Severity of medical condition is correlated with decayed/missing teeth and periodontal health. Quality of life is explained by medical functional status, perceived medical health, and perceived dental health. The dental functional status index may be useful in clarifying the relationship between dental health and overall health and quality of life measures.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Association in cis of beta +-thalassemia and hemoglobin S.

A Moroccan woman was investigated because of a typical beta-thalassemia trait associated with a low-percentage (11%) hemoglobin (Hb) variant. The beta-thalassemia trait was manifested by a microcytosis, a high HbA2 (above 6%), and an increase of the alpha/beta biosynthetic ratio (1.31). The variant was identified to HbS by amino acid analysis of the abnormal peptide (beta T1) and by DNA mapping with Sau I (Mst II) restriction endonuclease. No additional amino acid substitution was recorded in the beta s-chain. The reduction of beta-globin synthesis occurred exclusively at the expense of the beta s-chain. These results are consistent with the existence of a beta s mutation and a beta +-thalassemia in cis.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Detection of the traversability of surfaces by crawling and walking infants.

In four studies we investigated the perception of the affordance for traversal of a supporting surface. The surface presented was either rigid or deformable, and this property was specified either optically, haptically, or both. In Experiment 1A, crawling and walking infants were presented with two surfaces in succession: a standard surface that both looked and felt rigid and a deforming surface that both looked and felt nonrigid. Latency to initiate locomotion, duration of visual and haptic exploration, and displacement activity were coded from videotapes. Compared with the standard, the deforming surface elicited longer latency, more exploratory behavior, and more displacement in walkers, but not in crawlers, suggesting that typical mode of locomotion influences perceived traversability. These findings were replicated in Experiment 1B, in which the infant was presented with a dual walkway, forcing a choice between the two surfaces. Experiments 2, 3A and B, and 4A and B investigated the use of optical and haptic information in detecting traversability of rigid and nonrigid surfaces. Patterns of exploration varied with the information presented and differed for crawlers and walkers in the case of a deformable surface, as an affordance theory would predict.

Attention↗
PubMed1987

[Involvement of the urinary tract in a syndrome of congenital epidermolysis bullosa and atresia of the pylorus].

Epidermolysis bullosa associated with pyloric atresia is a rare autosomal recessive condition, usually fatal in the first few months of life. Since 1983 urinary tract disease is known to be another manifestation of this syndrome which becomes the main problem in children surviving beyond infancy. The case of a 2 1/2 year-old boy with mild cutaneous manifestations of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, corrected pyloric atresia and renal disease is reported. Hematuria, dysuria, obstruction of the uretero-vesical junction and worsening hydronephrosis led to bilateral ureterostomy (ureteral reimplantation was not attempted because the thickness of the bladder wall and the extensive ureteral fibrosis).

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1986

Effect of hormone replacement therapy on anti-thrombin III activity in post menopausal women.

Anti-thrombin III is the major inhibitor of activated blood clotting factors. We studied 320 patients with climacteric symptoms who received estrogen replacement therapy to assess the effect of hormone therapy on Anti-thrombin III (AT-III) activity). Of the 320 patients 80 patients received Prempak C (0.625 mg) for 2 years, 82 patients received Prempak C (1.25 mg) for 2 years, 78 patients received Cycloprogynova (1 mg) for 2 years and the remaining 80 patients received Cycloprogynova (2 mg) for 2 years. The mean AT-III activity before, during and 3 months after treatment showed no significant difference in all the four groups of patients. There was no incidence of myocardial infarction or stroke or thrombo-embolic disease in this group of 320 patients receiving estrogen replacement therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

MMPI predictors of mania among psychiatric inpatients.

MMPI data from 64 patients with a diagnosis of manic-depressive illness, manic type, were compared with MMPI data from patients in two comparison groups--64 patients with a psychotic diagnosis other than manic-depressive illness, and 64 patients with a variety of psychiatric diagnoses. Manic patients had higher Ma scale scores for MMPI scales that assess personal distress and interpersonal difficulties (e.g., D and Si). Discriminant analysis, with the Ma, D, and Si scales as predictors, correctly classified as manic or not manic 82.5% of the patients in the derivation sample and 74.2% of the patients in the cross-validation sample. Two high-point pairs, Sc-Ma/Ma-Sc and Pa-Ma/Ma-Pa, occurred in the MMPI profiles of almost half of the manic patients but were rarely found among the profiles of other patients. The results of this study support the use of the MMPI in identifying manic patients, particularly when discriminating between mania and other types of psychosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Dentist use patterns for pit and fissure sealants and topical fluorides.

A survey of 2,800 general dentists from six licensing regions was conducted to determine the current rate of pit and fissure sealants and topical fluoride use. The response rate was 56 percent. Seventy percent of general dentists used sealants on newly erupted secondary teeth and 20 percent of general dentists had never used sealants. Sixty-five percent of general dentists used topical fluorides on pedodontic patients at six-months intervals and 25 percent used them at one-year intervals. Dentists with more frequent use of sealants tended to be recent graduates who used new procedures, spent more practice time in pedodontics, came from the central region, had a hygienist in their practice, and belonged to the Academy of General Dentistry. Dentists with more frequent use of topical fluorides tended to perform frequent recall examinations. Those who performed frequent recall examinations were more likely to come from Florida and the Southeast, to believe caries spread rapidly, to be recent graduates, and to have a greater percentage of patients with insurance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Structure elucidation of gestodene].

The structure of 17 alpha-ethinyl-17 beta-hydroxy-18-methyl-4,15-estradien-3-one (gestodene) was elucidated by the spectrometric methods UV, IR, NMR, MS.

Contraceptives, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Retroperitoneal actinobacteriosis caused by Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans].

A 15 years old boy was admitted to the hospital for high fever, and a four month history of abdominal pain and weight loss. Clinical examination showed painful swelling of the left lumbar region. A retro peritoneal mass was revealed by tomodensitometry. There was a marked biological inflammatory syndrome without bacteriological evidence of infectious disease. Final diagnosis was performed by surgery showing a big abscess. Bacteriological culture of pus was positive for a Haemophilus actinomycetemcomitans.

Abscess↗
PubMed1986

Investigation of vitamin A nutrition in pregnant British Asians and their infants.

Plasma retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP) concentrations were lower in 23 South London Asian women of Indo-Pakistani origin than in 21 non-Asian controls during pregnancy (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.05 respectively). Cord blood concentrations of retinol and RBP were the same in Asians and non-Asians. Plasma retinol concentration decreased with increasing gestation (P less than 0.01), but RBP concentration did not alter. Retinyl palmitate, 8000 i.u. daily from 30 weeks gestation to term, was given to a group of 14 Asian mothers with low plasma retinol concentrations. This caused a significant increase in maternal plasma retinol concentration at delivery compared with 15 controls, indicating possible deficiency, but did not affect cord blood concentrations. There was no difference in anthropometric measurements of the infants of control or supplemented mothers, nor was there a correlation between the anthropometric measurements and the plasma retinol or RBP concentrations.

Adult↗