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Biomedical subjects

D Rose

Publications and source records attributed to D Rose.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Influence of nutritional status on exertion-induced forearm amino acid metabolism in normal man.

Normal volunteers were evaluated in the postabsorptive state, following 10 days of protein-calorie starvation, and during intravenous feeding ( ivf ) to determine the impact of nutritional status upon exertion-induced muscle amino acid metabolism. An isolated forearm model allowed an evaluation of recovery of metabolism following 1 min of submaximal isotonic exercise. Forearm blood flow returned to near basal levels within 15 min after exertion during postabsorptive and ivf conditions, but remained greater than or equal to 150% of basal at 1 hr after exercise during starvation. At 30 and 60 min after exercise, forearm plasma flux of total and essential amino acids were unchanged from basal in the postabsorptive state. However, the pattern of essential amino acid flux demonstrated a relative reduction in isoleucine and leucine efflux compared with basal, and this pattern persisted throughout 1 hr of recovery. During starvation, a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in total and essential amino acid efflux was observed throughout the recovery period. Starvation was also associated with significant increases in alanine and lysine efflux during recovery. Intravenous feeding was associated with a significant (P less than 0.05) uptake of essential amino acids with respect to basal levels at 30 min after exercise. At 60 min, there was a shift to total amino acid efflux but no change from basal flux for essential amino acids. During ivf , the pattern of essential amino acid uptake returned to basal within 1 hr after exertion.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Prognostic value of EEG abnormalities observed during sleep in epilepsy with rolandic spikes (RSE)].

The aim of this study is the quantitative analysis of the interictal discharges during nocturnal sleep in 6 children with rolandic spikes on the awake EEG, before and during treatment. During treatment, whatever it may be, these interictal discharges (diffuse spike and wave complexes and rolandic spikes) have no prognostic value and only the generalized paroxysmal ones, which are observed solely in sleep, decrease. Moreover, if the number of spikes of a slow irritative focus secondary to an organic cerebral lesion keeps steady during wakefulness and all sleep stages, the number of rolandic spikes is modulated by the type of sleep (REM or NREM). This modulation may be in favour of the benignity of this childhood epilepsy. Finally, in spite of the great number of interictal discharges during the whole night, sleep organization is not disturbed and only the advent of an epileptic seizure can interfere with sleep rhythms, depleting the REM phase.

Child↗
PubMed1984

A method of evaluating possible pin penetration in slipped capital femoral epiphysis using a cannulated internal fixation device.

A technique that utilizes a newly designed cannulated screw with injection of radiographic dye through the screw cannula provides a reliable and practical method for detection and avoidance of pin penetration when operating on slipped capital femoral epiphyses. Adoption of this method minimizes the possibility of poor results occurring as a consequence of internal fixation.

Bone Nails↗
PubMed1983

Quantitative morphological changes in phrenic and intercostal motor columns and their respective spinal cord segments during postnatal development in the kitten.

In newborn kittens, the nervous control of breathing appears more mature than that of motricity which follows a cephalo-caudal evolution. In order to determine if the different postnatal evolutions of the respiratory and the motor function have an anatomical support at the spinal cord level, we made morphometric comparisons of the postnatal development of the spinal segments including motor columns sustaining both limb and respiratory movements (cervical and thoracic segments), with the postnatal development of segments containing only motoneurones involved in locomotion (lumbar segments). Furthermore, we used horseradish peroxidase to label cervical and thoracic groups of inspiratory motoneurones, i.e. the phrenic and the intercartilaginous motor nuclei at several postnatal ages. The present study suggests that the development of the white matter is the same at every spinal level and that it is delayed compared to the maturation of the grey matter. Overall evaluations of grey matter areas showed that the thoracic grey matter is more mature at birth but, further, has a slower rate of growth than the cervical and lumbar ones. This observation may be related to the maturity of the respiratory phasic activities within the early postnatal life. The phrenic and intercartilaginous motor nuclei have different patterns of development. These results suggest that the spinal postnatal functional maturation is not strictly related to its quantitative macroscopic changes.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

[Ventilatory disorders and sleep anomalies in severe chronic obstructive respiratory insufficiency. Effects of nocturnal oxygen therapy].

The influence of nocturnal oxygen therapy on ventilatory disorders and sleep abnormalities was evaluated in 5 male, non-obese patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). All had hypoxia, severe airway obstruction (FEV1 less than 1 l) and pulmonary arterial hypertension at rest; 3 had PaCO2 values above 50 mmHg. Polygraphic recordings were taken throughout the night, the patients breathing either air or oxygen, they included EEG, electromyography of chin muscles, eye movements, O2sat., thoraco-abdominal mechanics and nasal flow. Improvement in the quality of sleep under oxygen was observed in all patients, with an increase from 6.1% (air) to 14.6% (oxygen) in the R.E.M. (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep phase duration to total sleep duration ratio, and an increase from 8 to 12 in the number of episodes of apnoea (arrest of nasal flow greater than 10 sec). Oxygen also had a favourable influence on the number and amplitude of O2 desaturation phases (delta O2sat. greater than 4%) and on the time spent in desaturation, which decreased from 5.12% (air) to 3.7% (oxygen). Correction of the hypoxaemic episodes was partial in those R.E.M. sleep phases when these episodes were most severe and occurred in the absence of apnoea.

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Amnesia-producing drugs affect hippocampal frequency potentiation.

The effects of intravenous injections of lorazepam, scopolamine and propranolol upon hippocampal potentiation produced by commissural stimulation have been investigated in rats anaesthetized with urethane. Administration of 250 micrograms/kg or 500 micrograms/kg lorazepam significantly delayed the onset of secondary potentiation (frequency potentiation) of the population spikes recorded in subfields CA1 and CA3 of the dorsal hippocampus. Scopolamine also delayed the onset of frequency potentiation in CA1, but only at high dose (10 mg/kg). No other measured parameters of frequency potentiation, paired-pulse potentiation or post-tetanic potentiation were affected by any of the drugs. Lorazepam (greater than or equal to 250 micrograms/kg) and propranolol (3 mg/kg) reduced the severity of hippocampal after-discharge. Rhythmic entrainment of after-discharges was occasionally observed. The results are discussed in relation to the possible link between hippocampal potentiation and memory processes.

Amnesia↗
PubMed1983

Locus of habituation in the human newborn.

There is some controversy concerning the youngest age at which an infant will habituate to a visual stimulus or will prefer a novel to a familiar pattern. One suggestion has been that apparently successful reports of habituation and dishabituation in the newborn baby are attributable to retinal adaptation. This interpretation was tested in two experiments. In both experiments monocular conditions of viewing were used: newborns were habituated with one eye as the 'seeing' eye, and posthabituation novelty preferences investigated with the other eye. Significant preferences were found both for a novel colour (experiment 1) and for a novel shape (experiment 2), which implies that a retinal-adaptation model can be ruled out. It is suggested that the habituation effects and the subsequent novelty preferences found in the experiments are most reasonably interpreted as a function of memory formation, and evidence is presented for the storage of visual experience from birth. The results also demonstrate some form of binocular interaction in the newborn.

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1983

[Repeat surgery for tubo-peritoneal infertility. Critical analysis of a continuous series of 50 cases].

It is justifiable to carry out a second surgical procedure when the first one for tubo-peritoneal infertility had failed? We have looked out 50 case histories of repeat operations, using a strict definition of this, for mechanical tubo-peritoneal infertility in a consecutive series of cases between 1976 and 1980 at the maternity unit of Bichat Hospital. These 50 operations were: all carried out under the principles of microsurgery and operative lack of trauma: 12 of them consisted of salpingolysis and ovariolysis, 26 of them consisted of distal salpingoplasty and 3 of midtube salpingoplasty. 9 of them were of proximal salpingoplasty.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Spinal localization of the intercostal motoneurones innervating the upper thoracic spaces.

At the rostral level of the thorax, the intercostal muscles participate both in postural and respiratory functions to a variable degree depending upon the considered muscle: external intercostal, intercartilaginous, internal intercostal, and triangularis sterni. In order to determine if these physiological properties are related to a special organization at the spinal cord level, we have used the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase as a tool for studying the spinal distribution of intercostal motor cells in the adult cat. Results suggest that the intercostal motoneurones could be distributed, in the ventral grey horn, among two areas according to the respiratory or postural muscle specialization.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Dynamics of adaptation to contrast.

An investigation has been made into the temporal parameters with which the detection threshold for a sinusoidal grating changes during and after adaptation to the same grating at high contrast. Stationary high-spatial-frequency gratings and a phase-reversing low-spatial-frequency grating have been studied separately. It was found that the threshold continues to rise during adaptation for at least 6 min without sign of levelling off, and that full recovery from 6 min of adaptation can take more than 45 min. Intermittent adaptation and continuous adaptation for the same period produce similar effects. Single-phase and dual-phase exponential fits to the data are rejected, and it is concluded that the level of adaptation of the visual system to spatial contrast changes as a power function of time. However, recovery is not always monotonic, especially after adaptation to phase-reversing gratings. This may be due to inhibitory interactions between channels (in particular, those for pattern and movement information).

Adaptation, Ocular↗
PubMed1982

Visual memory at birth.

Two experiments are described whose aim was to explore the new-born baby's capacity for forming visual memories. An habituation procedure was used that accommodated individual differences by allowing each infant to control the time course of the habituation trials. In Expt 1 an habituation-dishabituation paradigm was used, and in Expt 2 subjects were given paired presentation of novel and familiar stimuli following attainment of the criterion of habituation. In both experiments a significant novelty preference was found, and the results provide strong evidence that recognition memory can be reliably demonstrated from birth.

Female↗
PubMed1982

Isolation of acholeplasmas and a mycoplasma from vegetables.

The isolation of Mollicutes from food has not been reported. To isolate Mollicutes in the presence of high levels of unwanted bacteria, we first incubated fresh vegetables in liquid culture media containing lysozyme, ampicillin, and thallous acetate. Culture fluids were than separated from the vegetable samples, subjected to one freeze-thaw cycle, and passed through a filter of 0.4-micron porosity. Filtered samples were cultured in SP4 medium and in a conventional medium containing horse serum. With this procedure 21 acholeplasma isolations representing three species were obtained from endive, broccoli, and kale. Of 35 food samples tested, 11 were positive for acholeplasmas; acholeplasmas isolated from 6 of these samples were recovered only in SP4 medium. In seven single vegetable samples, two or more Acholeplasma spp. were isolated. A. laidlawii was isolated from all three vegetables and A. axanthum was found in broccoli and kale. Four isolates were serologically identified as A. oculi. Mycoplasma verecundum was the only Mycoplasma species recovered. Several isolates could not be typed serologically, as they reacted with antisera to both A. morum and A. hippikon. these isolates may include new Acholeplasma spp.

Acholeplasma↗
PubMed1982

Anatomical organization of cat intercostal motor nuclei as demonstrated by HRP retrograde labelling.

1. Intercostal muscles participate both in postural and respiratory functions to a variable degree dependent upon the specific interspace or muscle. In order to determine if these physiological properties are related to a special organization at the spinal cord level, we have used the retrograde transport of HRP as a tool for studying the spinal distribution and morphology of intercostal motor cells in the adult cat. 2. Results obtained after intramuscular injections of the enzyme suggest that the intercostal motor columns could be distributed, in thoracic spinal segments, among two areas according to the respiratory or postural muscle specialization. Moreover, it appears that both postural and respiratory muscles are innervated by motor cells whose size is not related to histological or functional characteristics of the muscle.

Animals↗