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Biomedical subjects

D Rodman

Publications and source records attributed to D Rodman.

10 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2001

Safety of aerosolized INS 365 in patients with mild to moderate cystic fibrosis: results of a phase I multi-center study.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) expression and function, associated with abnormal ion transport and mucociliary clearance, and clinical lung disease. Triphosphate nucleotides such as uridine-5'-triphosphate (UTP) and INS 365, may be useful for CF through actions, mediated via P2Y(2) extracellular receptors, on chloride and liquid secretion, and ciliary beat frequency. INS 365 may offer chemical stability advantages over UTP. In a randomized, double-blind, multicenter phase I study, we studied the safety and maximally tolerated dose of escalating, single doses of aerosolized INS 365, in adult and pediatric patients with mild to moderate CF lung disease (FEV(1) > or = 45% predicted). In four successive dose cohorts of adult patients (n = 12 per cohort, age > or = 18 years) and four successive pediatric dose cohorts (n = 12 per cohort, age 5-12 years), patients were randomized 3:1 active/placebo (0.9% saline) to evaluate doses of 20, 40, 80, and 100 mg INS 365 delivered by nebulizer (Pari Star ). Sputum was collected pre- and post-dosing to obtain preliminary results on clinical efficacy. After each dose cohort, a Data Safety Monitoring Committee (DSMC) reviewed the data. Forty-eight adult and 36 pediatric patients completed the protocol (up to 100 mg for adults, 80 mg for pediatric patients). The predominant adverse events were cough, wheezing, chest tightness, and a decrease in FEV(1) (occurring in 8/48 adults, and 5/36 pediatric patients), which occurred predominantly in the 80-mg and 100-mg dose cohorts. Though a few adult patients had a tendency to increase sputum production, there was little consistent effect noted on sputum production in this acute, single-dose study. The data suggest that aerosolized INS 365 is safe when delivered at single doses of up to 40 mg in adults and children with CF, but that higher doses are unlikely to be tolerated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Cutaneous zygomycosis (mucormycosis) complicating endotracheal intubation: diagnosis and successful treatment.

Diagnosis and successful therapy for primary cutaneous zygomycosis (mucormycosis) that complicated the securing of an endotracheal tube with cloth tape. Primary cutaneous mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection noted most often in immunosuppressed individuals. Cloth tape, of the type commonly used to secure endotracheal tubes, often is contaminated with fungal spores. In the case reported here, cloth tape securing the endotracheal tube was the probable vector for transmission of zygomycosis to a moderately imunocompromised host. Rapid diagnosis and combined medical and surgical therapy resulted in a favorable outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Limited accumulation of cyclic AMP underlies a modest vasoactive-intestinal-peptide-mediated increase in cytosolic [Ca2+] transients in GH3 pituitary cells.

The 4-chlorophenylthio analogue of cyclic AMP evoked profound and long-lasting changes in cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i) in pituitary-derived GH3 cells. However, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a hormone considered to act via cyclic AMP, was ineffective in modulating [Ca2+]i. The ability of VIP to modulate [Ca2+]i was enhanced by treatments that increased intracellular cyclic AMP. Much greater concentrations of intracellular cyclic nucleotides were achieved by the analogue than with VIP, under any condition. Thus cyclic AMP may play a prominent role in regulating [Ca2+]i in these cells, but the ability of hormones to stimulate its synthesis is limited, leading to a weak action on [Ca2+]i.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMed1989

Modulation of pulmonary artery contraction by endothelium-derived relaxing factor.

In isolated rat pulmonary artery rings, both endothelial denudation and treatment with 10(-5) M hemoglobin inhibited relaxation to acetylcholine and increased contractile sensitivities, i.e. decreased the EC50s, to KCl, angiotensin II and norepinephrine. Denudation caused similar inhibition of acetylcholine relaxation and potentiation of KCl and norepinephrine contractions in isolated bovine pulmonary arteries. These results indicate that endothelium-derived relaxing factor plays a significant role in modulating the contractile sensitivity of isolated pulmonary arteries to at least some agonists.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1979

An 'artificial beta cell' for control of diabetes mellitus: effect on plasma glucagon levels.

We have investigated the use of a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system, or artificial beta cell. On the feedback day, mean plasma glucose was significantly effect of improved control on plasma glucagon levels. Five insulin-requiring diabetic subjects in stable control were hospitalized for two 24 h periods. During one, they were given their usual dose(s) of subcutaneous insulin. In the other, the 'feedback' day, insulin administration was under feedback control by the artificial beta cell. One the feedback day, mean plasma glucose was significantly-lower in all subjects. Variability in plasma glucose throughout the day was also significantly less on the feedback day. All five subjects showed a significant fall in serum immunoreactive glucagon levels on the feedback day, suggesting that the glucagon abnormalities of diabetes may be secondary to the insulin deficiency, rather than a second primary defect of diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recognition and treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia: a critical review.

Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is an uncommon but clinically important tachydysrhythmia that is usually seen in the setting of severe cardiopulmonary illness. Diagnostic criteria include the presence of at least three different, nonsinus P waves in the same lead; an atrial rate greater than 100 beats per minute; and an isoelectric baseline between P waves. MAT is often difficult to differentiate from atrial fibrillation. The pathogenesis of MAT is unknown; however, it is probably incited by "triggered" electrical activity, a form of abnormal automaticity. This electrophysiologic model has led to several small, uncontrolled clinical trials using calcium channel and beta-adrenergic blocking agents, specifically verapamil and metropolol. None of these trials meets rigorous methodologic standards, and all exclude unstable patients who are at greatest risk for hemodynamic compromise from the tachycardia. Treatment of MAT should first be directed at potential predisposing factors, such as hypoxia, congestive heart failure, and theophylline toxicity. Pharmacologic treatment includes intravenous metoprolol or verapamil; in published reports both agents have been well tolerated and have controlled the heart rate in a majority of patients.

Adult↗