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Biomedical subjects

D Robinson

Publications and source records attributed to D Robinson.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Slit-lamp fluid-gas exchange and other office procedures following vitreoretinal surgery.

Many complicated postoperative vitreoretinal cases require reoperations. It is possible to perform some of these procedures outside the operating room. We describe examining room techniques for fluid-gas exchange, fluid and gas aspiration, and adherent vitreous strand removal. We also discuss a slit-lamp technique for using sodium hyaluronate (Healon) following fluid-gas exchange to eliminate optical distortion from endothelial striae.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1985

The frequency distributions of biochemical variables: Gaussian or log-Gaussian?

Serum sodium and total calcium concentrations were measured in 677 apparently healthy Caucasian men aged 30-39 years. The frequency distributions of these variables could be described equally satisfactorily as either Gaussian or log-Gaussian. Since other biochemical variables (for example, serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase) have frequency distributions which are much better described as log-Gaussian, the unifying hypothesis is proposed that all biochemical variables have basically log-Gaussian distributions, and that the apparently Gaussian distributions of certain variables (such as sodium and calcium) arise because of the relatively narrow ranges of values encountered in the healthy population.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Migraine art.

An analysis is made of 207 drawings and paintings entered for a migraine art competition. All types of visual disturbances were depicted. One hundred and fifty-four of the paintings showed spectral appearances with fortification or teichopsia in 99. Sixty-two showed either a partial or complete hemianopic loss. Metamorphopsia was seen in 32 and pain was depicted in some form or another in 80. Situational or trigger factors were shown in 23.

Art↗
PubMed1985

Performance of laying hens as affected by split time and split composition dietary regiments using ground and unground cereals.

A factorial experiment was conducted to study the effects on the performance of White Leghorn X Australorp laying hens of diets based on unground cereal grains, small morning and large afternoon meals, and morning and afternoon meals of different composition. From 10 to 21 weeks of age the pullets' food intake was restricted, using either a diet in which the wheat fraction (600 g/kg) was unground or a fully ground diet of similar composition. In the laying period the birds received either a diet (U) in which the limestone was granulated and most of the cereal fraction (wheat and oats or wheat and sorghum) was unground or a fully ground diet (G) of similar composition. Both laying diets were offered ad libitum (A), with 25% issued in the morning and 75% in the late afternoon (T) or as a protein concentrate (250 g/kg of total diet) in the morning and cereal/limestone fraction (750 g/kg) in the late afternoon (C). Rearing and laying performance were unaffected by rearing diet. Laying diet U resulted in a 5.2% increase in food intake and a 0.9 g increase in average egg weight compared with diet G. From 21 to 56 weeks of age, when the cereal/limestone fraction of the diet included oats (240 g/kg of total diet), diet U resulted in fewer (4.8/bird) eggs and a lower financial margin than diet G. From 56 to 80 weeks of age, when oats were replaced by sorghum, this trend was reversed (-3.5 eggs). Birds on diet C produced fewer (16.9) eggs of lower (1.5 g) average weight than birds on diet A, ate less (1.39 kg) food and had a lower financial margin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Prolymphocytic leukemia of B cell type: rearranged immunoglobulin (Ig) genes with defective Ig production.

An unusual case of prolymphocytic leukemia of the B cell type (B-PLL) in a 79-year-old patient is reported. The clinical and cytomorphological features of the disease were typical of B-PLL, but membrane and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig) could not be demonstrated by immunofluorescence techniques; 3% to 4% of the cells were shown to have IgG kappa in the cytoplasm by a more sensitive immunoperoxidase method. The cells were unreactive with a panel of monoclonal antibodies against T cell antigens but they were positive with B cell lineage reagents: FMC4, anti-HLA-Dr determinants; FMC7, which reacts with most B-PLL; anti-B1 and anti-B4, which react with most B cell leukemias. Analysis of Ig genes at the DNA level demonstrated that both heavy-chain alleles and one kappa chain allele were rearranged, confirming that the patient's cells were of B lineage. Chromosome analysis revealed a consistent abnormality, t(17;21)(p11;p11), in all cells and, in addition, a 14q+ marker in 10% of the cells. This study highlights the value of DNA analysis techniques for the characterization of neoplastic B cells. The low rate of expression of Ig genes, despite their rearrangement, suggests that a specific transcriptional or posttranscriptional defect must exist in these cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Agonist-induced regulation of the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of PC12 cells.

Pheochromocytoma cells, clone PC12, possess neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors which can be activated by an agonist to produce a transient transmembrane cation flux similar to that seen with neuromuscular nicotinic ACh receptors. We have observed that these neuronal nicotinic ACh receptors are subject to long term regulation by the cholinergic agonist carbamoylcholine (carbachol). Receptor function was measured by agonist-induced uptake of 86Rb+ into the cells. Chronic exposure to concentrations of carbachol that caused receptor activation induced an adaptation (down-regulation) of the receptors, seen as a decrease in the responsiveness of the cells to a subsequent exposure to carbachol. The extent of the decreased responsiveness was proportional to the concentration of carbachol between 50 microM and 10 mM and was distinct from acute receptor desensitization. The concentrations of carbachol that caused down-regulation were greater than those that caused maximum receptor activation, but were similar to those that greatly enhanced desensitization. This suggested that promotion of the desensitized state of the receptor could be the true stimulus for down-regulation. Adaptation was observed initially after several hours of exposure and maximally within about 7 days. Recovery from the down-regulated state required several days of growth in the absence of carbachol. Treatment with the antagonist mecamylamine did not cause a similar change in the responsiveness of the cells. However, concurrent exposure to carbachol and mecamylamine prevented down-regulation. Therefore, it appeared that receptor activation was necessary for regulation to occur. Comparison of the cellular responses of chronically treated and control cells to acute stimulation with carbachol supported the hypothesis that the mechanism for this down-regulation in PC12 cells was a decrease in the number of functional ACh receptors.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1985

Self-help groups.

Many people in developed countries see medicine as threatening health, not only by malpractice, clinical iatrogenesis, and inappropriate treatment, but also by diverting attention from social and environmental causes of ill-health. There is growing hostility towards health care that undermines the power of individuals to care for themselves or shape their own environments, and a corresponding rapid and substantial growth of self-help groups.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1984

Neoplastic kappa and lambda cells in a B-PLL with chromosome translocations of both light chain gene regions.

We describe a chromosome translocation t(2;13) (p11-12;p11) involving the kappa (kappa) light chain gene region (2p11-12), and a subsequent translocation t(11;22) (q23;11) involving the lambda (lambda) light chain gene region (22q11) within the same clone, in a patient with B-cell prolymphocytic leukaemia (B-PLL), of whose peripheral mononuclear cells 82% expressed (kappa) chains and 8% expressed (lambda) chains. Electron microscope (EM) studies using the immunogold method showed that both kappa- and lambda-producing cells were prolymphocytes. Immunoglobulin (Ig) gene analysis by Southern blotting demonstrated rearrangement of both Ig heavy (H) chain genes and one kappa gene. Although a lambda gene rearrangement corresponding to the minor lambda-positive population was not detected, a small monoclonal (M) band of IgM-lambda was present in the serum. The chromosome translocations and the pattern of light chain expression, particularly the lambda-producing cells, are discussed in the light of the restricted light chain expression observed in Burkitt's lymphomas with variant translocations involving the light chain genes.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1984

Simultaneous demonstration of membrane antigens and cytochemistry at ultrastructural level: a study with the immunogold method, acid phosphatase and myeloperoxidase.

We describe a method for electron microscopy that combines myeloperoxidase or acid phosphatase cytochemistry with the labelling of cell surface antigens with monoclonal antibodies and colloidal gold. This technique was tested in samples of normal mononuclear cells, leukaemic T cells with a mature or immature phenotype and an acute myeloid leukaemia. This method allows the demonstration at a single cell level of ultrastructural morphology, cytochemical reaction and the presence of a membrane antigen. It will improve further the analytic power of electron microscopy in the characterization of leukaemic cells particularly in cases of mixed leukaemias and in the study of normal haemopoietic differentiation with monoclonal antibodies.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1984

Bus training for developmentally disabled adults.

The effectiveness of a program combining classroom and community training in the teaching of bus-riding skills to developmentally disabled adults. These skills were taught sequentially using questions about a slide presentation, role playing, and performance in the natural environment. The experimental design was based upon the work of Neef, Iwata, and Page (1978). Test trials were conducted after each phase of training. Results showed that all subjects learned the necessary bus-riding skills and maintained their performance throughout the follow-up period of at least 1 year. The combination training method proved to be efficient and cost effective.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1984

Contraction stress test by intermittent nipple stimulation.

Although the nonstress test has generally supplanted the contraction stress test as the primary test for assessment of fetal well-being, the contraction stress test continues to be useful. Objectionable factors of the contraction stress test have included the time required to complete the test and the frequent necessity for intravenous oxytocin. The authors developed a contraction stress test protocol using contractions produced by intermittent nipple stimulation and used the method for 345 tests on 193 high-risk pregnancies during a 15-month period. The women were instructed to stimulate one breast, through their clothes, for two minutes and then to rest for five minutes. This cycle was repeated as necessary, but was interrupted whenever contractions began. Using this protocol, the authors were successful in achieving an adequate contraction frequency with every attempt, and hyperstimulation was not more frequent than previously reported with the standard contraction stress test. The average time requirement was 45 minutes. No unexplained stillbirths occurred after a negative test.

Breast↗