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Biomedical subjects

D Robert

Publications and source records attributed to D Robert.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Role of interferon in mice in protection against influenza A virus by bacterial ribosomes together with membranal glycoproteins of Klebsiella pneumoniae as adjuvant.

Nonspecific protection against infectious aerosols of influenza A virus was obtained in Swiss mice after vaccination by aerosols of bacterial ribosomes together with membranal glycoproteins extracted from Klebsiella pneumoniae as the adjuvant. It was shown that repeated stimulant aerosols were necessary to obtain this protection. Routine estimation of serum interferon levels after administration of the association of ribosomes plus membranal glycoproteins to the animals by aerosol or intravenous route showed that there was no correlation between protection and the presence of serum interferon. It was shown that the serum interferon-inducer activity was due to ribosomes. No induction of serum interferon was obtained with membranal glycoproteins used separately. Local liberation of interferon in the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract was not investigated.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1979

[Studies in the BALB/c mouse of the efficiency of spraying as compared to other inoculation ways for immunostimulant (author's transl)].

The of efficiency of spraying as compared to intranasal and digestive ways was tested on Balb/c mouse by using on the one hand an immunostimulant product and on the other various types of test : Myxovirus influenzae by aerosol, Streptococcus pyogenes intranasally, Klebsiella pneumoniae intraperitoneally. Results showed that in the case of influenza virus the immunostimulant inhaled as liquid aerosol or powder aerosol, or deposited on the nasal mucosa was very active. When the test germ was Streptococcus and the contamination intra-nasal, only the homologous way was efficient. When the test germ was Klebsiella pneumonia all inoculation forms except powder aerosol were effective. The comparative study of aerosols granulometry helps grasping this phenomenon.

Aerosols↗
PubMed1978

[Respiratory function tests during artificial ventilation. Application in the choice of apparatus settings (author's transl)].

Twenty seven patients on artificial ventilation were studied in terms of gas exchange, respiratory mechanics and haemodynamics. The characteristics of acute respiratory failure (dead space effect, shunt effect, disturbances in respiratory mechanics) may be identified and their severity determined. The effects of adjusting artificial ventilation settings (tidal volume, frequency, inspiration/expiration ratio, inspiratory flow, end expiratory pressure, inspired oxygen fraction) may be studied and better adapted to the individual functional requirements of each patient. An organigram of settings based upon the experience gained in this series is suggested.

Asthma↗
PubMed1978

[Antitetanus vaccination: preliminary results of a study in Africa].

Two commercialized anatoxins, titrating 30 Lf per dose and adsorbed on Ca phosphate and Al hydroxide respectively, were studied in comparison with an experimental anatoxin titrating 25 Lf per dose and adsorbed on Al phosphate, and with a placebo. 595 schoolchildren from Cameroun were randomly assigned to four groups and inoculated twice, with a year's interval between the two inoculations. Serological checks were carried out by double-blind trials using the passive hemagglutination (HA) method on days 7, 90, 365 and 395. HA titers rose substantially after three months and then fell during the 12th month. The HA method does not give a clear indication of the amount of protection obtained after only one inoculation, but this amount would seem to be small according to the results of neutralization tests carried out on samples. It is only after the second injection that protection is provided for most subjects. Results vary depending on the anatoxin and are not linked to the--benign--clinical reactions observed. This study confirms that if anatoxins with high antigenicity are to be used, two injections are necessary and sufficient to guarantee good immunity protection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[The passive hemagglutination test in the evaluation of antitetanus immunity].

The conditioned, passive hemagglutination method, which is simple, quick, economical and very sensitive, is suited for large-scale studies in which it is not possible to carry out the in vivo seroneutralization. However, our experience has confirmed that it has certain drawbacks and restrictions: (1) the technique must be applied very carefully and good laboratory training is required. The results obtained by this method vary according to several factors, especially the degree to which the antigen has been purified and its blood carriers, therefore these results are not always consistent; (2) the antibodies found were not a good indication of the degree of protection except at high titers. A study of correlations between HA titers and neutralizing (mice) titers carried out on the basis of 509 double titrations has demonstrated that, whereas they are satisfactory in clearly immune subjects, they show only mediocre results in subjects who are receptive or who are displaying a primary response: a wide range of variation has been observed as well as an optimalization of HA titers, perhaps because of IgM's. Therefore, the HA method, despite its usefulness, cannot provide precise evaluations for: --the amount of protection provided by an anti-tetanus vaccine, --the proportion of protected subjects in a certain group of people, --an injured person's anti-tetanus immunity. We should work to develop in vitro tests which are both sensitive and reliable in terms of the anti-tetanus protection threshold.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Domiciliary assisted respiration by tracheotomy for chronic respiratory insufficiency (author's transl)].

Prerequisites for success in domiciliary assisted respiration for chronic respiratory insufficiency are the understanding of the patient and his active participation in the treatment as well as adjustment and attitude of his environment. The authors report their experience in 89 patients. Spirographic data were obtained in 72 patients which permitted subdivision into a group with restrictive disturbances and one with obstructive changes. The differences in prognosis in these two groups of patients were surprising. The survival rates in the obstructive diseases after 3, 5 and 10 years were 54%, 38% and 33% respectively; the corresponding values for the restrictive diseases were 84%, 84% and 69%. These differences are statistically significant. The restrictive changes are therefore considerably more favorable to assess, also with respect to a better quality of life.

Aftercare↗
PubMed1977

[Experimental cholera in the monkey].

Experimental studies on cholera in Baboons (Papio, P. anubis) and Rhesus Monkeys, have led to unfavourable results. However we have obtained a typical cholera disease in cotton-top Marmoset Saguines oedipeus.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[The effect of a mixture of bacterial ribosomes and membrane fractions of Klebsiella pneumoniae on the development of a transplanted epithelial cancer in rats].

An association of bacterial ribosomes and cell-wall of Klebsiella pneumoniae was shown to reduce the incidence of an epidermoid carcinoma in Sprague-Dawley rats when administered subcutaneously prior the tumoral graft. Mononuclear cells accumulate around the tumor. This association was considered as a non specific adjuvant stimulating the host's intrinsic immunity to tumor antigens.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗