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Biomedical subjects

D Rice

Publications and source records attributed to D Rice.

105 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

The management of carcinoma of the nasal vestibule.

Forty-two patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the nasal vestibule were reviewed. The patients were treated at either the Southern California Permanente Medical Group or the UCLA Medical Center. Thirty-eight patients (90%) had early lesions and 4 (10%) had late disease (involving the nodes or bone). The following conclusions were formed from this study: (1) Patients without bone destruction or lymph node metastases will do well with either irradiation or surgery. Those with bone destruction or lymph node metastases will do poorly in spite of radical treatment. (2) Early lesions can often be cured with either partial rhinectomy or irradiation. (3) A surgical recurrence following partial rhinectomy can be salvaged with irradiation. (4) A radiation recurrence of an early lesion can be salvaged with surgery. (5) The routine use of total rhinectomy for early carcinoma or radiation failure is unwarranted. (6) Other primary cancers are not uncommon when followup is extended to the 5- to 10-year interval.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New opportunities for high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy of oxide materials at 21.1- and 18.8-T fields.

We present here high-resolution solid state NMR spectra of several oxide and silicate materials that illustrate the improvements obtainable with very high external fields (18.8 and 21.1 T), with probes capable of tuning to a wide frequency range that allow observations of nuclides from high to low magnetogyric ratio. We discuss 27Al MAS spectra for the zeolite scolecite (CaAl2Si3O10 x 3H2O), 17O MAS data for analcime (NaAlSi2O6 x H2O), calcium monoaluminate (CaAI2O4), and titanite (CaTiSiO5), 39K spin-echo spectra for leucite (KAlSi2O6), microline (KAlSiO8), muscovite (KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH2) and a potassium aluminosolicate glass, and preliminary 73Ge spin-echo MAS spectra for crystalline and glassy germanium dioxide (GeO2).

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Validation of serological tests for Helicobacter pylori infection in an Irish population.

BACKGROUND: Serological tests for Helicobacter pylori using laboratory and 'office' formats are commonly used, easy to perform, inexpensive and widely available. Local validation of test performance is required. AIMS: This study examined the performance of a laboratory and 'office' ELISA in a population of Irish dyspeptics presenting for endoscopy. METHODS: Consecutive patients presenting for endoscopy had blood drawn at sedation. Samples were analysed using two ELISA formats; a standard laboratory format and an 'office' ELISA test card. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by analysis of antral and corpus biopsies using the rapid urease test, culture and histology. A combination of two positive invasive tests was considered indicative of infection. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of laboratory ELISA was 82.4% and 85% respectively while the values for the 'office' ELISA were 87.7% and 85.7% respectively. In patients under 45 years sensitivities and specificities of the 'office' test exceeded 90%. The two serological tests agreed in 87.5% of subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Both tests performed satisfactorily. However, indeterminate results impaired the usefulness of the laboratory ELISA particularly when using a new cut-off. The 'office' ELISA performed particularly well in young patients. A simpler test using antigens from locally prevalent strains to optimise accuracy is awaited.

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Interstitial thermoradiotherapy for recurrent head and neck cancer.

From 1985 to 1987, 22 head and neck sites in 20 patients with recurrent tumors were treated with interstitial thermoradiotherapy (ITRT). The sites treated were 15 neck (68%), four tongue (18%), two parotid (9%), and one buccal mucosa (4%). Squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed in 21 sites and adenocarcinoma in the other. All patients had prior radiotherapy (RT), including 15 who underwent a combination of RT and surgery. Interstitial RT with iridium 192 (mean dose, 40 Gy) was combined with interstitial microwave hyperthermia (mean thermal dose, 90 units). Complete response (CR) was obtained in 15 (68%) sites and partial response (PR) in seven (32%) sites. There were no local recurrences in the 15 CR patients during a period of observation of up to 30 months. Of the seven PR patients, one had radical neck dissection and is free of tumor after 28 months. Tumor volume was an important factor influencing CR (P less than .001), whereas RT and thermal dose were not (P = .3). Of the 20 patients treated, 19 experienced major subjective benefit. Serious complications occurred in two patients: one had localized soft tissue necrosis, the other had aspiration pneumonia. ITRT was well-tolerated by patients despite prior aggressive therapy. High objective response rate and low toxicity demonstrate the value of this treatment combination in the management of patients with postradiation recurrence of head and neck tumors.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Organization and transcription of genes important in Anabaena heterocyst differentiation.

The structural genes for nitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase have been cloned from Anabaena and physically mapped. The map differs from that of Klebsiella in several ways, including the insertion of 11 kbp between nifK and nifD in Anabaena. One nif RNA transcript has been studied in detail and shown to originate from a site in the Anabaena chromosome which lacks good correspondence with a typical prokaryotic strong promoter, suggesting the possibility of a need for positive activation. The nifH message is unstable or repressed or both under aerobic conditions. This feature is sufficient to account for the need for heterocyst differentiation in order for Anabaena to fix nitrogen aerobically. Structural genes for glutamine synthetase and the large subunit of RuBP carboxylase were also cloned, mapped and used to study transcription. In each case, the level of messenger RNA following nitrogenase induction is consistent with regulation of these genes at the level of transcription.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) is essential for endocrine development and function.

Steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1), an orphan nuclear receptor, initially was isolated as a key regulator of the tissue-specific expression of the cytochrome P450 steroid hydroxylases. Thereafter, analyses of sites of SF-1 expression during mouse embryological development hinted at considerably expanded roles for SF-1, roles that were strikingly confirmed through the analyses of SF-1 knockout mice. These SF-1 knockout mice exhibited adrenal and gonadal agenesis, associated with male-to-female sex reversal of their internal and external genitalia and death from adrenocortical insufficiency. These findings showed unequivocally that SF-1 is essential for the embryonic survival of the primary steroidogenic organs. SF-1 knockout mice also had impaired pituitary expression of gonadotropins and agenesis of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH), establishing that SF-1 regulates reproductive function at all three levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis. This article reviews the experiments that have defined these essential roles of SF-1 in endocrine development and highlights important areas for future studies.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nursing care of patients with multiple myeloma: a paradigm for the needs of special populations.

Multiple myeloma, a B cell malignancy that has its peak incidence in the elderly and affects African Americans more frequently than Caucasians, may be used as a paradigm to examine the concerns of special populations. Special populations are those who are medically underserved or medically underrepresented. Using this disease entity to focus on concerns of special populations and access to healthcare systems, the oncology nurse can formulate an approach to cancer care with a broader view of patients from special populations and their needs and goals.

Black or African American↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of foster parents in helping young people develop emancipation skills.

The current focus on preparing youths in foster care for emancipation has largely ignored the critical role foster parents have always played in preparing youths to leave their homes and take their place as successful adults in our society. To assure that programs to enhance youths' skills and abilities to function responsibly are fully effective, they must include foster parents. In doing so, they will exponentially increase the hours of service and training available to eligible youths and develop a resource that will be available to future youths after funds are redirected. It is unrealistic, however, to expect foster parents to provide all of the help that most youths in foster care need. Foster family support and training must be seen as one dimension of an integrated approach that provides all youths with a variety of resources but is specific to the needs of each youth. With appropriate support and training, foster parents can assume professional responsibility for assuring that such plans are implemented, and that youths leaving foster care have what they need to emancipate successfully.

Activities of Daily Living↗