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Biomedical subjects

D Reiss

Publications and source records attributed to D Reiss.

137 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Regulation of lymphocyte transformation responses to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide by normal serum.

Lymphocyte blastogenesis of guinea-pig spleen cells induced by various doses of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (conA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was assayed in the absence or in the presence of normal guinea-pig serum, foetal calf serum or heterologous albumin or gamma-globulins. Opposite effects of diluted and of concentrated sera were observed on blastogenesis induced either by PHA or by ConA: high concentrations inhibited blastogenesis whereas low concentrations enhanced mitogenesis. Homologous serum inhibited LPS-induced blastogenesis whatever the concentration used. These results could be explained by the interaction of serum with the membrane of lymphocytes stimulated by ConA, PHA or LPS. Furthermore sera could interfere with ConA. The implications of these experiments are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of chlorophacinone in human serum.

A simple procedure for the determination of chlorophacinone in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography is reported. After addition of a suitable internal standard, unknown samples were extracted at acid pH with ethyl acetate. The reconstituted methanolic extract was directly injected into the liquid chromatograph. Separation was performed with a Lichrospher C18 5-microns column with a methanol-phosphate buffer (85:15, v/v) mobile phase. The eluent was monitored with UV detection at 286 nm. The method was found to be sufficiently rapid, reproducible, selective, and sensitive for use in clinical and experimental pharmacokinetic studies. Application of this method to 20 intoxicated patients indicated that the risk of bleeding syndrome, which is always associated with this kind of intoxication, is no longer present when chlorophacinone levels drop to below 1 microgram/mL.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Associations among family relationships, antisocial peers, and adolescents' externalizing behaviors: gender and family type differences.

This study investigated the relations among parenting, sibling relationship, peer group, and adolescent externalizing behaviors. With data obtained from a sample of 341 male and 313 female adolescents (M age = 14.4 years) and their parents and siblings from nonstepfamilies and stepfather families, cross-sectional analyses supported the hypothesis that the contributions of parental negativity, parental monitoring, and sibling negativity to adolescents' externalizing behaviors would operate directly and also indirectly through deviant peer associations. The findings of multigroup comparison analyses suggested that the relationships between family and peer correlates and adolescent externalizing behaviors vary as a function of family type and adolescent gender.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Perceived competence and self-worth during adolescence: a longitudinal behavioral genetic study.

This investigation is the first longitudinal behavioral genetic study of self-concept during adolescence. It is a follow-up of a previous study examining genetic and environmental contributions to children's perceived self-competence and self-worth using a twin/sibling design. The study investigated adolescents' reports 3 years later and stability across two time points. Participants included 248 pairs of same-sex twins, full siblings, and stepsiblings between 10 and 18 years old. The results showed that six of the seven subscales were heritable at the second time point. None of the scales showed significant shared environmental effects. Longitudinal analyses revealed genetic contributions to stability for perceived scholastic competence, athletic competence, physical appearance, and general self-worth. Social competence, on the other hand, showed nonshared environmental mediation across time. These findings highlight the importance of genetically influenced characteristics and unique experiences as correlates of individual differences in self-concept during adolescence.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sibling comparison of differential parental treatment in adolescence: gender, self-esteem, and emotionality as mediators of the parenting-adjustment association.

This study employs findings from social comparison research to investigate adolescents' comparisons with siblings with regard to parental treatment. The sibling comparison hypothesis was tested on a sample of 516 two-child families by examining whether gender, self-esteem, and emotionality-which have been found in previous research to moderate social comparison-also moderate sibling comparison as reflected by siblings' own evaluations of differential parental treatment. Results supported a moderating effect for self-esteem and emotionality but not gender. The sibling comparison process was further examined by using a structural equation model in which parenting toward each child was associated with the adjustment of that child and of the child's sibling. Evidence of the "sibling barricade" effect-that is, parenting toward one child being linked with opposite results on the child's sibling as on the target child-was found in a limited number of cases and interpreted as reflecting a sibling comparison process. For older siblings, emotionality and self-esteem moderated the sibling barricade effect but in the opposite direction as predicted. Results are discussed in terms of older siblings' increased sensitivity to parenting as well as the report of differential parenting reflecting the child's level of comfort and benign understanding of differential parenting, which buffers the child against environmental vicissitudes evoking sibling comparison processes.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Behavioral and biochemical indices of compliance in hemodialysis patients.

Noncompliance has been implicated in modifying morbidity and mortality in end stage renal disease patients; however, the data are conflicting, and measurement of compliance has been difficult. Traditional measurements of compliance include serum potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) concentrations, and interdialytic fluctuations in weight gain (IWG). This study correlated three indices: 1) Adequacy of dialysis (Kt/V); 2) protein ingestion (PCR); and 3) the percentage of time dialyzed compared with the total dialysis time prescribed (% Time) with the traditional measurements of compliance. Correlations were calculated among pre- and post-BUN (blood urea nitrogen), Kt/V, K and P, PCR, IWG, and % Time. As expected, BUN levels correlated with Kt/V, K, P, PCR, IWG, and % Time. Protein ingestion correlated with K and IWG, but not with % Time. Adequacy of dialysis correlated with P levels, but not with PCR, WG, or % Time. Phosphorus correlated with pre- and post-BUN, Kt/V, and % Time, but not with K. Potassium, P, and IWG did not correlate internally. The authors conclude that standard biochemical measures of compliance reflect different compliance behaviors (dietary selection and restriction, restriction of fluid and salt intake, and adherence to medication regimens). Percent time may be a powerful, independent measure of patient compliance with the dialysis regimen.

Blood Urea Nitrogen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Physiology and pathology of zinc. Recent data].

This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of zinc in physiology and pathology. After recalling that this knowledge was acquired after improvements of assay procedures, the authors go on to present normal zinc metabolism, especially its absorption and its role as a coenzyme. In a second part, disorders accompanying abnormal blood zinc levels are successively examined.

Humans↗