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Biomedical subjects

D Reiss

Publications and source records attributed to D Reiss.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Families' schemata of social relationships.

Variation in views of the social environment held jointly by members of family units was examined from a theoretical perspective that specifies distinct kinds of variation among families in their beliefs about the fundamental nature of the social world. Associations compatible with theory were found between direct measures of family interaction and families' schemata of social relationships as assessed by using a felt figure technique. Additional evidence indicated that variation among families in the schemata displayed resulted from similar contributions by all individuals in a family studied. Findings support the existence of family social schemata--a family group's set of views about the organization of relationships in the social world--and indicate several dimensions by which these schemata vary from family to family.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Stimulation and inhibition of mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation by serum fractions.

Normal guinea pig serum was fractionated by filtration through a Sephacryl S200 column. The various fractions were assayed on concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin-induced mitogenesis as measured by 3H-thymidine uptake in newly formed DNA. Alpha-Globulin, gamma-globulins and albumin were shown to modulate lymphoproliferation. The enhancing or depressing effects of these various fractions depended upon the nature and dose of the mitogen used, the concentration of the fraction added, and the time interval between the addition of fractions and the addition of mitogens. The results suggest that serum fractions can at least modulate the immune response through their activity on the proliferation of lympohocytes.

Alpha-Globulins↗
PubMed1982

The working family: a researcher's view of health in the household.

The author characterizes the underlying assumptions, convictions, and beliefs that each family holds about its environment as the family paradigm, citing the evidence for the family paradigm gleaned from the laboratory study of how families solve problems. He suggests that a family's health depends on the conservation of its paradigm; pattern regulators and ceremonials are two types of family routine that conserve the paradigm. When the paradigm is threatened with collapse, three stages can be delineated: the emergence of rules, the explicit family, and rebellion and action. Each last stage can propel the family toward dissolution or self-healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

The family meets the hospital. Predicting the family's perception of the treatment program from its problem solving style.

A family's perception of a treatment program may determine whether ir becomes productively engaged or destructively withdrawn. A theory of family types, in conjunction with a standardized laboratory problem solving procedure, was used to predict the nature of families' shared perceptions of a psychiatric ward. The individual and shared perceptions of thirty families were determined by means of a specially designed Q-sort. Two dimensions of problem solving behavior successfully predicted significant differences between families in their shared perceptions. Configuration, or the family's capacity to derive effective solutions in the laboratory, predicted the subtlety to their perception of the ward. Coordination, or the capacity of family members to dovetail their problem solving effort with one another, predicted the family's sense of comfort and engagement in the ward setting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

A theory-based empirical classification of family problem-solving behavior.

A method for classifying family interaction behavior is presented that underlies several related studies of variation in families' modes of interpreting and interacting with the social environment. Evidence is presented for the existence of three dimensions of family problem-solving behavior that: (a) are consistent with theory of variation in families' orientations to the environment; (b) are useful for interpreting differences within nonclinical as well as clinical samples of families; and (c) have been shown, with current samples' ranges, to be essentially independent of surface markers of family variation and accumulated skills of family members.

Character↗
PubMed1980

The family meets the hospital. A laboratory forecast of the encounter.

Families, like persons, can be considered as unitary cases. Like persons, families can be classified before treatment begins in an effort to predict their responses and thus, to formulate the best treatment program. Although many classification schemes have been proposed in the past, evidence is presented on the first successful use to our knowledge of a family classification scheme to predict a family's response to a family-oriented treatment program. The classification scheme grouped families according to their typical style of adapting to new situations. A family's classification was based on its performance in a standard laboratory problem-solving situation in which its interaction patterns could be measured precisely and objectively. This approach to classification successfully predicted the family's engagement in a family-oriented, inpatient treatment program for adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

How one family perceives another: the relationship between social constructions and problem-solving competence.

This paper delineates a rarely studied but important family process: how a family perceives and understands the relationships in other families it knows. We hypothesize that these perceptions of other families are fundamental components of a family's shared construing of its social world. Families differ in how they perceive other families, specifically, and in their approach to construing or apprehending their social world, generally. We have hypothesized that these general differences also play a crucial role in shaping the style and competence of family problem-solving. A family's approach to any problem depends upon how it construes or interprets the social context of that problem. Using these general concepts of family life, we construct specific hypotheses linking family problem-solving and interfamily perception. We describe methods for measuring both family problem-solving and how a family perceives other families. Findings confirm our major hypothesis: A family that searches for underlying and subtle patterns in a problem-solving situation will develop a more differentiated and organized conception of other families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Physiology and pathology of zinc. Recent data (author's transl)].

This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of zinc in physiology and pathology. After recalling that this knowledge was acquired after improvements of assay procedures, the authors go on to present normal zinc metabolism, especially its absorpiton and its role as a coenzyme. In a second part, disorders accompanying abnormal blood zinc levels are successively examined.

Acrodermatitis↗
PubMed1979

Diurnal variations of zinc, copper and magnesium in the serum of normal fasting adults.

Serum levels of copper, magnesium and zinc exhibit circadian rhythms in physiologically normal subjects eating normally. The same study was repeated with fasting subjects in order to determine the effect of daily food intake on these fluctuations. Blood samples were taken at 3 hour intervals, from 6 h to 18 h. Copper and magnesium no longer exhibit circadian rhythms in fasting subjects. In the case of zinc, however, a particularly interesting rhythm is observed, with a drop at 9 h and 15 h and an abrupt increase at 18 h.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

The multiple family group as a small society: family regulation of interaction with nonmembers.

The authors observed the interaction of 18 families, each of which contained at least 1 adolescent, for a period of 55 weeks. They found that changes in either the parents' or the adolescents' group participation levels were quickly matched by comparable changes in the other generation, suggesting a continuously operating family control mechanism governing participation of members in interaction with nonmembers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Freedon of inquiry and subjects' rights: an introduction.

The author introduces the Special Section papers to follow, pointing out that two new issues have attached themselves to the issue of the physical safety and civil dignity of human subjects. One new issue is an emphatically legal defense of the concept of subjects' rights; the other is the evolution of political characterizations and caricatures of many forms of research.

Behavioral Research↗
PubMed1976

Personal needs, values, and technical preferences in the psychiatric hospital. A replicated study.

This study tests the hypothesis that staff and patients try to make their involvement in psychiatric hospitals personally gratifying by fashioning preferences for those specific therapeutic techniques that match or satisfy their personal values and needs. Results of questionnaire data, collected from a total of 397 staff and patients at two psychiatric hospitals at two different times, show two distinctly different combinations of needs, values, and technical preferences. In one, a preference for psychotherapy and somatotherapy correlates highly with a preference or need for structured, cautious, and rule-governed relationships. Underlying these preferences seems to be a common dimension emphasizing a technical attitude towards the psychiatric hospital with true healing provided only by a professional, scientific elite. A second combination shows high correlations between a preference for social therapy and a need for unstructured, open, and trusting relationships. A common dimension underlying these preferences seems to be a moral attitude that stresses the healing power of all human relationships. Treating institutions may be categorized according to whether the technical or moral attitude predominates.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1976

The family and schizophrenia.

The author discusses the role of the family in the etiology of schizophrenia and suggests how this research might be integrated with our growing knowledge of the biology of schizophrenia. Abnormalities of family interaction-particularly communication deviances-are frequently associated with schizophrenia and may play a causal, rather than epiphenomenal, role in its pathogenesis. Communication processes in family life affect the child's development of attentional and perceptual capacities, which also have strong biologic roots. The author suggests that the study of normal and abnormal perceptual development might be a meeting ground for researchers in the areas of the biological and familial theories of schizophrenia.

Adoption↗