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Biomedical subjects

D Reinwein

Publications and source records attributed to D Reinwein.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

[The Houssay phenomenon in man (author's transl)].

Marked insulin sensitivity, accompanied by unusual hypoglycaemic symptoms, was observed in three patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus. All three had anterior hypopituitarism, developing post-partum in two, a craniopharyngioma being the cause in the third. These are thus three examples of the Houssay phenomenon of which only 37 cases have previously been described.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in adrenal insufficiency ].

Prednisolone was measured in serum and urine after oral and intravenous administration of prednisone and prednisolone in 16 patients with adrenal insufficiency and after bilateral adrenalectomy. Thus, the problem of cross-reactivity with endogenous steroids, the main factor disturbing the measurement of prednisolone, was completely eliminated. Prednisolone was detected by a simple competitive protein-binding radioassay. Distribution, elimination and other bioavailability parameters were calculated from the obtained data. No significant differences between serum levels were detected after oral administration of these drugs. Peak levels were reached after 2-3 h. After 5, 7.5 and 10 mg prednisone peak serum levels averaged 11.9 +/- 2.2, 15.9+/-3.4 and 21.5+/-5.9 microgram/dl, respectively. Prednisolone was still detectable 24 h after administration of 10 mg. The plasma half-time of approximately 5 1/2 h suggests that prednisolone is present in serum far about 2 days after application of higher doses. Since prednisolone interferes in most assays for cortisol, prednisone therapie has to be stopped at least 2 days before cortisol determinations. Urinary excretion was proportional to the applicated doses. The metabolic clearance rate of prednisolone was decreased (56.0+/-7.2 1/24 h/m2) in patients with adrenal insufficiency. This can be attributed to alterations in corticosteroid metabolism, probably due to an increased transcortin production.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1982

[Late manifestation of glycogenosis I in early adulthood].

Mild forms of glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (glycogenosis type I) may remain undetected till indirect consequences of the metabolic bloc clarify the diagnosis in early adulthood. Since humoral regulation could play a decisive role in the metabolic adaption to hypoglycemia, caused by the enzyme deficiency, we studied insulin-, glucocorticoid-, catecholamine- and somatotropin-secretion in a 27 year old man with a mild glycogenosis type I. Basal and simulated insulin release was decreased, the glucocorticoid secretion lay in the lowest part of the normal range, whereas catecholamine and somatotropin secretion showed no significant change. Thus, the humoral adaption in glucose-6-phosphate deficiency corresponds to the hormonal regulation in prolonged starvation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Late manifestations of glycogenosis 1 in early adulthood].

Mild forms of glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency (glycogenosis type I) may remain undetected till indirect consequences of the metabolic bloc clarify the diagnosis in early adulthood. Since humoral regulation could play a decisive role in the metabolic adaption to hypoglycemia, caused by the enzyme deficiency, we studied insulin-, glucocorticoid-, catecholamine-and somatotropin-secretion in a 27 year old man with a mild glycogenosis type I. Basal and stimulated insulin release was decreased, the glucocorticoid secretion lay in the lowest part of the normal range, whereas catecholamine and somatotropin secretion showed no significant change. Thus, the humoral adaption in glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency corresponds to the hormonal regulation in prolonged starvation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Diagnostic value of FT4 concentration and T4/TBG radio--better discrimination with FT4 in marked TBG anomalies].

In 211 consecutive patients T4/TBG ratio correlated well with direct FT4 determination over a wide range of TBG concentration. However, there was a tendency to decreasing T4/TBG ratios with an increase of TBG concentration, which in consequence did lead to false results in three patients with very high TBG concentrations. Direct FT4 determination, which is not influenced by the binding protein levels, therefore is superior to T4/TBG ratio in patients with very low or high TBG concentrations.

Humans↗
PubMed1981

The metabolic serum clearance of GnRH. Relationship to age, sex and male puberty.

UNLABELLED: The MCR of constantly infused synthetic GnRH (1.53 micrograms/min) was studied in relation to age, sex, and male sexual maturation. GnRH was determined by a radioimmunoassay using a specific GnRH antiserum and 125I-GnRH, prepared by the chloramine T technique and purified on Sephadex G 25. Serum LH and FSH were measured by RIA. The results (mean values +/- SEM) of MCR expressed here as ml/min/1.86 m2 showed a statistically significant difference: infants (6-13 yrs) 1170 +/- 79, sexually mature males (22-29 yrs) 639 +/- 28, elderly men (64-79 yrs) 520 +/- 38, sexually mature females (20-24 yrs) follicular phases: 1354 +/- 90, luteal phases: 1736 +/- 242, postmenopausal women (53-74 yrs) 598 +/- 45. We found a linear negative correlation between serum LH and MCR of GnRH in both sexes. During male puberty the MCRLH-RH decreased simultaneously to the stages of pubic hair development. IN CONCLUSION: 1) The MCR of GnRH is a function of age, sex, and sexual maturation, 2) its negative linear correlation with LH in both sexes indicates that the MCR presumably reflects endogenous GnRH levels, 3) the MCRGnRH seem to be subject to endocrine regulation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Iodine, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), 3,3'-diiodothyronine (T2) in normal human thyroids. Effect of excessive iodine exposure.

20 Normal glands obtained from euthyroid subjects at autopsy were analysed for total iodine (Tl), PBl, L-thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), 3,3'-diiodothyronine (T2) after pronase hydrolysis. The mean Tl was 325.1+-47.2 micrograms/g wet tissue, giving a total iodine per gland of 10.01 mg. Pretreatment of iodine containing X-ray drugs in 8 patients did not significantly affect these results with the exception of Lipiodol. The mean T4, T3 and T2 values were 93.0+-23.1 micrograms/g, 5.25+-0.99 micrograms/g, 5.54+-1.05 micrograms/g and 0.60+-1.19 micrograms/g, respectively. In contrast to goitrous tissue, normal thyroid tissue showed no dependence of the T4/T3 ratio on the Tl. Compared with goitrous tissue PBI consisted of much more T4-l in normal tissue. The corresponding values were 47.7+-11.8% and 12.7+-3.4%, respectively. A positive relationship was found between Tl and T4, T3, rT3 but not with T2. The rT3 concentration corresponds to that of T3 in a remarkable way. The ratios of T3 or rT3 were similar, suggesting that thyroidal T3 and rT3 production is a random process. T2 represents only 0.73% of T4-l. Our results in normal thyroid tissue clearly show that the difference in iodine concentrations is only one factor among others in comparison to goitrous tissue.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Basal ganglia calcification in pseudohypoparathyroidism type II.

The case history of a patient with basal ganglia calcifications found by computerised tomography is presented. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism showed a pattern suggesting lack of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Further studies revealed increased endogenous PTH levels and urinary cAMP excretion. However, endogenous and exogenous PTH could not elicit the cAMP-mediated phosphaturic response, indicating pseudohypoparathyroidism type II. The responses of prolactin to TRH and chlorpromazine was impaired. Basal ganglia calcification in pseudohypoparathyroidism type II may represent the only somatic abnormality in this disease apart from the biochemical abnormalities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Effects of prolactin suppression on hypogonadism im patients on maintenance haemodialysis.

UNLABELLED: The effects of prolactin (Prl) suppression by bromocriptine (BC) on impaired sexual function were studied in 47 male patients on maintenance haemodialysis (HD). All patients had normal serum zinc levels. Before treatment, 14 of 47 patients had moderate hyperprolactinaemia (not due to medication), 24/39 patients had elevated LH levels, 13/34 patients had elevated FSH levels, 26/44 patients had decreased serum testosterone levels and 18/24 patients were oligo-/azöospermic. Bromocriptine was given in doses of 1.25 to 2.5 and 5.0mg/day and each of these doses was maintained for two weeks. Seventeen patients discontinued treatment within the first few days of BC treatment, because of postural hypotension and/or nausea. Fourteen other patients had to be excluded because of poor compliance. On treatment, as little as 1.25mg of BC/day normalised serum Prl, and 2.5mg of BC/day decreased Prl below the lower limit of normal. Neither gonadotrophins nor serum testosterone levels changed significantly during the six weeks of BC treatment. IN CONCLUSION: 1. neither normalisation of moderate hyperprolactinaemia in patients on HD, nor 2. suppression of serum Prl into the subnormal range affects serum gonadotrophin and testosterone levels. 3. These results do not support the hypothesis that moderate hyperprolactinaemia in our patients on HD is an important factor in the development of hypogonadism.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Determination of progesterone in urine by a competitive protein binding method (author's transl)].

A new method, based on the principle of competitive protein binding, is described for the determination of progesterone in urine. The sensitivity of the assay for progesterone is 0.24 micrograms/l urine. The within-assay precision, as determined by the coefficient of variation, varies between 4 and 10%, the between assay precision between 9.2 and 17%. The recovery of progesterone is 104.3%. The average urinary progesterone excretion in normal men is 0.12 +/- 0.10 micrograms/g creatinine. In the follicular phase of 17 normal women the urinary progesterone excretion is 1.4 +/- 1.1 micrograms/g creatinine, in the luteal phase 7.7 +/- 4.6 micrograms/g creatinine. In normal pregnancy the urinary progesterone excretion rises significantly (y = -11.1 +/- 1.1 x, r = 0.66, n = 175, p < 0.001) from 1.5 to 25.7 micrograms/g creatinine.

Creatinine↗
PubMed1979

[Effect of a 2 mg thyroxine bolus on the hypophyseal-thyroid axis (author's transl)].

The effect of a single dose of 2 mg L-thyroxine on central and peripheral parameters of the hypophyseal-thyroid axis was studied on ten euthyroid and ten hypothyroid patients, and ten with euthyroid goitre. Without the occurrence of hyperthyroid symptoms, the T4 serum level was raised for five days in the euthyroid group, for 11 days in the hypothyroid ones. During this time the T3 serum level did not alter. Suppression of iodine uptake by the thyroid and TSH secretion of the hypophysis persisted longer, both for basal and TRH-stimulated liberation, than the substitution effect. Even when the T4 bolus has to be at a higher total T4 dose for the same therapeutic effect than with daily small single doses, it is a comparable alternative to present-day forms of treatment. It is of particular advantage where there are medical reasons for widely spaced drug intake or rapid normalisation of the T4 serum level is deemed desirable.

Female↗