Biomedical subjects

D Reeves

Publications and source records attributed to D Reeves.

77 records · Page 5Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

The prevalence of challenging behaviors: a total population study.

A total population study was undertaken in two areas of England to identify the situation and characteristics of people reported to exhibit challenging behaviors. We found that: (1) challenging behaviors are shown by 10-15% of people with mental retardation who are in contact with educational, health or social care services for people with mental retardation; (2) the most common forms of challenging behaviors reported were 'other' behavior (shown by 9%-12% of all people screened), aggression (7%), destructive behavior (4%-5%) and self-injury (4%); (3) the majority of people identified showed two or more of these four general forms of challenging behavior; (4) approximately two-thirds of the people identified were boys/men; (5) close to two-thirds of the people identified were adolescents or young adults; (6) approximately 50% of the people identified as showing more demanding challenging behavior were living with their families; (7) people who showed more demanding challenging behavior were more likely to need greater levels of assistance in eating, dressing and washing, be incontinent and have more restricted expressive and receptive communication.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Predicting the persistence of severe self-injurious behavior.

Information was collected on 95 people with mental retardation who had been identified seven years previously as showing severe self-injurious behavior. At follow up 71% of participants were still showing self-injurious behavior of a severity which presented a management problem for care staff. The occurrence of specific topographies of self-injury was extremely stable among the group showing persistent self-injury. Finally, self-injury status at follow-up was predicted with 76% accuracy by a logistic regression model containing three variables: site of injury (higher persistence being shown by people exhibiting head directed self-injury); reported (greater) stability of self-injury when first identified; and (younger) age.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Progress and outcomes for children with autism receiving parent-managed intensive interventions.

Parent-managed behavioral interventions for young children with autism are under-researched. We analyzed data from 66 children served by 25 different early intervention consultants. After a mean of 31.6 months of intervention IQ scores had not changed (N = 22). Vineland adaptive behavior scores had increased significantly by 8.9 points (N = 21). No children aged > 72 months attained normal functioning, i.e., IQ > 85 and unassisted mainstream school placement (N = 42). Progress for 60 children across 12 months was found for mental age (5.4 months), adaptive behavior (9.7 months), and language (5.1 months). The interventions did not reproduce results from clinic-based professionally directed programs. The effectiveness of the parent-managed intervention model as it has developed and the adequacy of professional services in that model are discussed.

Autistic Disorder↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Staff stressors and staff outcomes in services for adults with intellectual disabilities: the Staff Stressor Questionnaire.

This paper reports on the development, psychometric properties, and validity of a self-report measure designed to assess potential stressors among staff in services for people with intellectual disabilities, the 33-item Staff Stressor Questionnaire (SSQ). A questionnaire including the SSQ and scales measuring staff outcomes was administered to 512 staff across seven services for people with intellectual disabilities. The SSQ was factor analyzed to produce seven subscales reflecting different potential stressors for staff: user challenging behavior; poor user skills; lack of staff support; lack of resources; low-status job; bureaucracy; and work-home conflict. The SSQ subscales showed adequate internal reliability in terms of Cronbach's alpha and mean inter-item correlations. Associations between SSQ subscale scores and different staff groups, and patterns of associations between SSQ subscales and a range of staff outcomes, provided evidence suggestive of the face-, construct-, and criterion-related validity of the questionnaire. The SSQ shows promise as a measure for assessing potential stressors for staff in services for people with intellectual disabilities. Further studies to examine the reliability, validity, and utility of the SSQ are recommended.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of inoculum size and medium on activity of seven antimicrobial agents against Bacteroides fragilis strains.

Antimicrobial activity of cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, imipenem, and clindamycin against four inocula of Bacteroides fragilis strains was determined on three different media. The inoculum sizes were 10(4), 10(5), 10(6), and 10(7) colony forming units (CFU) per spot. On all three media, substantial effects of inoculum size on minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of cefotaxime and ceftizoxime were found: the doubled dilution differences in MICs between inocula of 10(7) and 10(4) CFU/spot were 2.2, 2.3, and 2.1 micrograms/ml of cefotaxime and 1.8, 4.4, and 4.0 micrograms/ml of ceftizoxime on Brucella base-laked blood agar, Wilkins-Chalgren agar, and a brain-heart infusion medium, respectively. An inoculum difference found on all three media with ceftazidime may also be of practical significance. There was evidence of larger differences between inocula on the Wilkins-Chalgren agar and brain-heart infusion than on the Brucella agar.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗