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Biomedical subjects

D Reed

Publications and source records attributed to D Reed.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Acculturation and coronary heart disease among Japanese men in Hawaii.

A cohort of 4653 men of Japanese ancestry living in Hawaii, with traditional Japanese social and cultural lifestyles, were studied for the association of the prevalence and incidence of coronary heart disease (Honolulu Heart Program, 1971-1979). Two of four scales of acculturation were significantly associated with coronary heart disease prevalence independently of 11 other risk factors, but none of the acculturation scales were associated with incidence appeared to be mostly due to the inclusion of fatal cases in the incidence data, although other explanations are possible. Measures of acculturation were also significantly associated wih many of the other coronary heart disease risk factors in such a way that the more traditional Japanese men had lower serum cholesterol and uric acid, were less obese, more physically active, and smoked fewer cigarettes than the more westernized men. A comparison of bivariate and multivariate analyses indicated that some of acculturation scales were indirectly associated with coronary heart disease because of the confounding association with the other risk factors.

Acculturation↗
PubMed1980

Ozone toxicity symptoms among flight attendants.

Because of persistent complaints of ozone-toxicity type symptoms among crew members of commercial airlines, we undertook a survey to determine the extent of the problem and the associated flight factors. Self-reported questionnaires and flight diaries were completed by 1,330 flight attendants, (FAs) working for three different airlines. Ozone-toxicity type symptoms were reported three or four times more frequently by FAs with airlines flying at high altitudes than by those with low-flying airlines. When examined by characteristics of flights, the ozone-toxicity type symptoms were significantly associated with flight altitude, duration and type of aircraft, but not with years worked, sex, medical history, or home residence. Other symptoms indicative of fatigue or stress were mainly associated with flight duration. While these indirect data cannot implicate ozone specifically, they offer evidence that ozone-related health problems do exist among a large proportion of FAs.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Epidemiologic, clinical, and virologic observations on dengue in the Kingdom of Tonga.

An outbreak of dengue type 2 infection occurred in the Pacific island Kingdom of Tonga in 1974 and an outbreak of dengue type 1 occurred there in 1975. The 1974 outbreak was characterized by relatively mild clinical disease with few hemorrhagic manifestations, a low attack rate, and relatively low viremia levels. The 1975 outbreak was characterized by relatively severe disease with frequent hemorrhagic manifestations and a high attack rate. The differences between the outbreaks could not be attributed to differences in abudance of, or susceptibility to infection of, mosquito vectors or to the prior immune status or other characteristics of the human population. It appeared that a difference in viral virulence was the most likely explanation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Clinical and laboratory observations on patients with primary and secondary dengue type 1 infections with hemorrhagic manifestations in Fiji.

An extensive epidemic of dengue type 1 infection with a high incidence of hemorrhagic manifestations occurred on the island of Viti Levu, Fiji beginning early in 1975. Previous dengue outbreaks in this population were such that in 1975 two types of dengue patients were observed, one group of patients experienced primary dengue type 1 infection, whereas another experienced their dengue type 1 infection approximately 4 years after a dengue type 2 infection. Clinical and laboratory findings for the two forms of infection were assessed in patients hospitalized for their disease, usually with hemorrhage. With the exception of virologic and serologic findings, no important differences between these two groups were noted with respect to incidence and nature of hemorrhage and other clinical and laboratory findings. Both types of infection sometimes were associated with thrombocytopenia and low serum levels of the C3 component of complement. Virus was more easily isolated from the primary infection patients and the magnitude of their viremia also was higher. No significant differences were noted in a comparison of the ease of virus isolation from serum or plasma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Type 1 dengue with hemorrhagic disease in Fiji: epidemiologic findings.

An explosive epidemic of dengue occurred in Fiji between January and July 1975. All laboratory evidence indicated that type 1 dengue was the only prevalent dengue virus. This type had probably not been in Fiji for 30 years and over 70% of the population was susceptible. Aedes aegypti appeared to be the major vector in urban areas, but circumstantial evidence indicated that Aedes rotumae was a vector in at least one remote area. All forms of the clinical spectrum of dengue were seen and reported in all age groups. Overt clinical symptoms tended to be less frequent among children under age 10 and adults over age 30. Approximately 16% of persons reporting dengue-like illness had some type of bleeding associated with their disease with little difference by age, sex, or ethnic group. Epistaxis and gingival bleeding were the most commonly reported and observed hemorrhagic manifestations, but internal bleeding was reported in about 25% of hemorrhagic cases. The proportion of hemorrhagic cases was the same among primary and secondary dengue-infected persons. These and other epidemiologic observations did not support the hypothesis that the hemorrhagic complications seen with dengue occur only in secondary infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Current status of cancer studies in the South Pacific.

An analysis of cancer incidence and mortality data indicated that cancer has become one of the five leading causes of death in many of the republics and territories in the South Pacific. The most developed areas had rates that exceeded world averages for malignant neoplasms of the lung, breast, and cervix uteri. The two existing cancer registries are in the Papua New Guinea and Fiji. These registries have documented a number of unusual patterns of cancer incidence that allow casual inferences to be made. Among these are the association of chewing betel nut and cancer of the mouth, and the finding of Burkitt's lymphoma in Papua New Guinea with the same epidemiologic features as in West Africa. These and a number of other unusual patterns of cancer occurrence underline the need and the special opportunities for cancer research in the South Pacific.

Epidemiologic Methods↗
PubMed1976

A fatal case involving proparacaine.

A 16-year-old female died soon after inhaling proparacaine. Analysis of the tissues revealed an amphoteric compound consistent with a hydrolysis product prepared in the laboratory by reacting proparacaine with HCl in the presence of heat.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Death from intravenously administered narcotics: a study of 114 cases;.

A careful study of more than 100 fatal cases due to intravenously administered narcotics provides further evidence of the complexity involved in the certification of death. The wide range of blood morphine concentrations found in these cases indicates that tissue concentrations alone will not always provide the necessary information. High concentrations of morphine, the major metabolite of heroin, in blood and other tissues may be consistent with overdose. But in those cases involving very low concentrations at the time of death, other criteria must be considered.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Comparison of results for quantitative determination of morphine by radioimmunoassay, enzyme immunoassay, and spectrofluorometry.

The quantitative results (accuracy and precision) for determination of opiates by radioimmunoassay (RIA), enzyme immunoassay (EMIT), and spectrofluorometry on split samples are compared. A variety of physiological samples were studied, including random urine from a methadone maintenance clinic and postmortem urine, blood, bile, brain, and lung tissue from heroin-induced or heroin-related deaths. The opiate concentrations detected by the two immunoassay methods were in good agreement with each other in the absence of interfering substances which are believed to react with the antimorphine antibodies. The immunoassay results were in agreement within the relative standard deviation with the fluorometry results in 55% of the urine samples and 80% of the blood samples. The immunological methods are superior to fluorometry for quantitation of morphine in urine samples due to quenching interferences in fluorometry from urine. They were comparable to fluorometry for quantitation of morphine in blood samples.

Adult↗