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Biomedical subjects

D Rainer

Publications and source records attributed to D Rainer.

16 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1990

Concentrations of volatile organic compounds at a building with health and comfort complaints.

For four separate periods over a 1-yr span, the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been measured at a facility with a history of occupant complaints. The reported symptoms were characteristic of "sick building syndrome." This study was initiated to determine if VOC levels were higher than those measured in "complaint-free" buildings and, if so, to identify sources and other factors that might contribute to the elevated concentrations. VOCs were collected with passive samplers, using a sampling interval that lasted from 3 to 4 weeks. Following collection, the samplers were extracted, and the compounds in the extract were separated and identified using standard gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric procedures. Over 40 different organic compounds with concentrations in excess of 1 microgram/m3 were identified; several species had values greater than 100 micrograms/m3. For each of the first three sampling periods, the total concentration of VOCs detected using this methodology was in excess of 3 mg/m3. Sources of the identified compounds included cleaning products, floor wax, latex paints, and reentrained motor vehicle exhaust. However, the dominant source was the hydraulic system for the buildings' elevators. Compounds were volatilizing from the hydraulic fluid used in this system. Neither the elevator shafts nor the mechanical room housing the fluid reservoirs were vented to the outside. The problem was compounded by the relatively small amount of outside air used for ventilation at this facility (less than 6 L/sec [12 cfm]/occupant or about 1/4 air change/hr). At such low ventilation rates, compounds with strong sources can achieve high steady-state concentrations within the facility. Recommendations have been made to reduce the VOC levels at this site. Although implementing the recommendations will be costly, even a slight improvement in employee productivity will offset these costs.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1980

Childhood urolithiasis.

59 children with urolithiasis were seen between 1969 and 1977 (8 1/2 years). Calculi from 50 patients were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Half of the patients were 0-4 years old, and in this age group males greatly predominated (76%). Calculi in 26 patients were of infectious, and in 15 patients of metabolic origin (cystinuria 7, idiopathic hypercalciuria 5, primary hyperoxaluria 3), whereas 18 were idiopathic. Most infectious stones contained struvite, and most idiopathic stones contained calcium oxalate. An infectious etiology was observed in 55% of the 0-5-year-old children (n = 33), but in only 20% of the 10-16-year-old ones. In contrast, the percentage of idiopathic stones rose from 18% in the youngest to 70% in the oldest age group, although the absolute numbers were similar in all age groups, Childhood urolithiasis in Switzerland is thus primarily observed in young male patients and is usually secondary to a definable cause.

Adolescent↗