Effect of helium on gas exchange of mice.
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Biomedical subjects
D R Young
Publications and source records attributed to D R Young.
Motivations for exercise and weight loss among African-American women: focus group results and their contribution towards program development.
OBJECTIVE: African-American women are more likely to be sedentary and maintain higher body weights compared with Caucasian women, although some are physically active and able to maintain weight loss. To develop effective intervention strategies, we need to understand why some women are successful. DESIGN: We conducted focus groups on four distinct groups of African-American women (currently physically active; currently sedentary; successful weight loss for > or = 1 year; unsuccessful weight loss) to explore motivations and intervention strategies. Open-ended questions, probes, and visual aids were used to stimulate discussions. Transcripts of sessions were read to highlight themes and concepts. RESULTS: Results indicated that motivators for the exercisers to start exercising were health concerns, weight control, stress reduction, and the influence of others. Motivators to continue exercising were feeling good and having energy. In contrast, the sedentary women reported that social support and enjoyment would be motivating. Both groups reported that physically active women conveyed the image of high energy and self-esteem. The successful weight loss women employed strategies that allowed them to eat a variety of foods and were less likely to 'diet'. The unsuccessful women referred to 'going on a diet' and were more likely to label foods as 'good' or 'bad'. They reported feeling tired and thought that losing weight would give them more energy. CONCLUSION: This information was used to develop two culturally appropriate interventions for African-American women, which is presented. Conducting formative research in study design protocols can provide an important role in intervention development.
Adult↗
Analysis of periprosthetic tissue formation around a porous titanium endoprosthesis using CT-based spatial reconstruction.
OBJECTIVE: Reformatted CT-based image data may be of use in evaluation of new bone formation around massive bone replacement implants, but the impact of metal-induced artifacts on the accuracy of image reconstruction is unknown. This study was designed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of quantitative image reconstruction in the presence of a titanium implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Model porous-coated titanium implants were harvested from 23 dogs 12 weeks after surgical implantation. Contiguous 1.5 mm transverse CT scans were done first with the titanium implant in place, then repeated after replacement of the implant with an acrylic spacer. Microradiographs of sections cut at defined locations were used to establish gray level thresholds for image reconstruction and to validate the accuracy of CT-based image data. Reformatted image data were used to determine periprosthetic bone volume (mm3) and area of interfacial contact between bone and implant (mm2). RESULTS: The CT-based data derived with either implant material had an accuracy of 83-88% and a precision coefficient of variation (CV) of 2-4% for both volume and contact area variables. Presence of titanium did not seriously affect the quality of images obtained, and results were strongly correlated with those obtained with acrylic. CONCLUSION: Accurate volumetric data derived from CT-based images of periprosthetic new bone formation can be obtained in the presence of a titanium endoprosthesis. Improved demonstration of spatial relationships of bone and implant may improve postoperative evaluation.
Animals↗
Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia among siblings of persons with premature coronary heart disease. Application of the Second Adult Treatment Panel guidelines.
BACKGROUND: Increased blood cholesterol, specifically high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increases risk for coronary heart disease (CHD). Persons with a positive family history of premature CHD also are at markedly increased risk. OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia based on the second report of the National Cholesterol Educational Program Adult Treatment Panel (ATP II) guidelines in the asymptomatic healthy siblings of people with premature CHD. METHODS: A total of 668 asymptomatic healthy siblings (354 men and 314 women) underwent screening for risk factors for CHD. Siblings were categorized into treatment categories for primary prevention defined by ATP II. The percentage who were candidates for intervention were compared with the published national estimates for those without CHD from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). RESULTS: Based on ATP II guidelines, 65% of the asymptomatic adult siblings required fasting lipoprotein analysis compared with 33% of adults without CHD in the national reference population. Of the siblings who met the criteria for fasting lipoprotein analysis, most (56%) were candidates for dietary therapy, more than twice the proportion of adults from NHANES III. The percentage of the siblings who qualified for drug intervention and dietary therapy was 3 times greater than the national sample, 33% vs 11%, respectively. Assuming a 10% hypothetical reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels as the result of dietary modification, the proportion of the sibling sample who were possible candidates for drug therapy was 20%, still 4 times that predicted for the national sample. CONCLUSIONS: These results underscore the need for aggressive detection and treatment of hypercholesterolemia in this easily identifiable high-risk population of siblings of people with premature CHD.
Adult↗