Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D R Taves

Publications and source records attributed to D R Taves.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1983

Dietary intake of fluoride ashed (total fluoride) v. unashed (inorganic fluoride) analysis of individual foods.

Fluoride content in ninety-three individual food items from a hospital in a fluoridated area was determined by ashing (total fluoride) v. unashing (inorganic fluoride) analysis. No discrepancy between the two methods was found by food group but two dry cereals and black pepper did show significantly more fluoride after ashing. The reason for the unavailability before ashing was not determined. Daily fluoride intake was estimated at 1.783 mg which is midway between the 1.211 and 2.201 mg reported from studies in which composite diets were analysed. Daily intake from food at 0.4 mg was one-quarter of the daily total intake 1.8 mg; a ratio consistent with those previously reported in serum, urine and bone between residents from a non-fluoridated v. fluoridated community.

Diet↗
PubMed1982

Effect of the fluoride/calcium regimen on vertebral fracture occurrence in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Comparison with conventional therapy.

We assessed the rates of vertebral fracture in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Forty-five patients were not treated (91 person-years of observation); 59 were treated conventionally, with calcium (alone or combined with estrogen) or vitamin D or both (218 years); and 61 were treated with sodium fluoride combined with conventional therapy (251 years). The fracture rate (per thousand person-years) was 834 in untreated patients, 419 in those given calcium with or without vitamin D, 304 in those given fluoride and calcium with or without vitamin D, 181 in those given estrogen and calcium with or without vitamin D, and 53 in those given fluoride, estrogen, and calcium with or without vitamin D. It was reduced in all treatment groups (P less than 0.001 for calcium and P less than 1 x 10(-6) for other combinations); fluoride (one years of treatment) and estrogen (but not vitamin D) independently reduced the rate from that observed with calcium alone (P less than 0.001). The combination of calcium fluoride, and estrogen was more effective than any other combination (P less than 0.001). These results provide grounds for optimism about the efficacy of combinations of available agents with sodium fluoride for fracture in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Determinants of response to anorexiants.

We analyzed data from an 81-patient clinical trial of anorexiant medication, searching for the predictors of response. In the trial we assigned treatments to participants by minimization, a process that decreases differences between treatment groups. Based on the literature, the investigators' experience, and the pharmacologic properties of the medications, we selected 25 factors for use in the minimization process. Retrospective examination by contingency-table analysis indicated that the most important predictors of weight loss in this study were weight loss during the 3-wk diet-only run-in period (chi 2, p less than 0.001), physician estimation of patients motivation (chi 2, P less than 0.003), participant eating habits (nighttime "binge" eaters responded best; chi 2, P less than 0.003), adherence to treatment (chi 2, P less than 0.01), and type of treatment (chi 2, P = 0.05). When multiple regression analysis was applied, several other factors aided in explaining the variance in the weight loss results. For example, duration of obesity was inversely related to weight loss and weight loss during the study increased with family income. Depending on the treatment used, anxiety and depression visual analogue scores also explained some of the variance. Failure to account for factors such as these in treatment assignment may account for the low discriminant power of clinical trials of anorexiants.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1979

Bone fluoride concentrations associated with fluoridated drinking water.

Recently published bone fluoride values from Iowa are very high compared to earlier reports, suggesting an increase in fluoride intake. Reanalysis of the Iowa specimens shows levels one-fourth those reported by the Iowa laboratory indicating an error in the original report. Seventeen bone specimens, collected from long-term residents of Rochester, New York, drinking 1 ppm F- water, had a mean value of 2085 +/- 270 ppm F- on an ashed-weight basis. This value is not significantly different from that predicted by the data of Zipkin et al. in 1958. These data, therefore, do not support the contention that there has been an increase in fluoride intake.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1978

Bone mineral turnover in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta estimated by fluoride excretion.

A child with severe osteogenesis imperfecta was treated with NaF for 8 years, at the end of which time his iliac bone contained 29 mg F/g Ca. Urine F was assayed at intervals for 4.5 years after discontinuing treatment. After the first few days the decline in urinary F excretion can be described by a two component exponential function, with half-times of 5.4 months (10%) and 8.9 years (90%). The latter half-time value is of the same order of magnitude as those observed for F and other "bone-seeking" elements in normal subjects, which suggests that the turnover rate of bone mineral is normal in this disease. Three methods for estimating the attained body F burden at the end of NaF treatment--namely, metabolic balance, bone biopsy, and integration of the exponential function--yielded comparable values.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed1976

Toxicity following methoxyflurane anaesthesia. IV. The role of obesity and the effect of low dose anaesthesia on fluoride metabolism and renal function.

Seven obese and five normal weight patients were studied before, during and after one hour of methoxyflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia during peripheral surgical operations and compared with eight patients of normal weight anaesthetized with nitrous oxide-meperidine and d-tubocurare. Estimates were made of renal function, including serum and urinary electrolytes, osmolarity, uric acid, urea and creatinine. Renal clearances for the latter three substances were also calculated. Serum and urinary inorganic and organic fluoride concentrations were measured, as were renal clearances. This low dose methoxyflurane anaesthesia resulted only in a decrease in uric acid clearance among all the measures, when compared to the meperidine-nitrous oxide controls. The clearance of uric acid remained depressed for longer in the obese patients, but otherwise they did not differ from the normal weight patients. It is possible but not proven that depressed uric acid clearance may be related to the organic fluoride metabolite and an early indicator of methoxyflurane renal toxicity. The previously documented biotransformation of methoxyflurane was seen in this study. A double peak in serum inorganic fluoride was shown in all patients but one. Rather large differences in peak levels of serum inorganic fluoride occurred. The only significant difference between the obese and normal weight patients as far as fluoride metabolism was concerned was a greater variability in the serum inorganic fluoride levels in the obese patients. It would appear that the obese patient metabolizes methoxyflurane in a quantitatively if not qualitatively different fashion than the normal weight patient, perhaps because of fatty infiltration of the liver. Caution is advised in the use of methoxyflurane for more than 90 minutes of low concentration administration in view of the unpredictability of the biotransformation.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed1975

Multiple-myeloma bone disease. The comparative effect of sodium fluoride and calcium carbonate or placebo.

A randomized double-blind study was carried out in 26 patients with multiple myeloma to compare the therapeutic effect of sodium fluoride (50 mg twice daily) plus calcium carbonate (1 g four times daily) and placebo. All patients also received melphalan and prednisone for one week every six weeks. Bone biopsies for microradiography and histology, and videodensitometry as well as conventional roentgenograms, 99mTc-polyphosphate bone scans, and bone densitometry of the mid and distal radius, were done initially and one year after therapy. Microradiography and videodensitometry studies revealed significant increases in bone formation (P less than 0.01) and bone mass (P less than 0.005) in the fluoride-calcium group. Bone trabeculae appeared thickened on roentgenograms of six of 13 fluoride-calcium-treated patients (P less than 0.02). Technetium bone scans and bone densitometry determinations proved insensitive for detection of skeletal changes. Fluoride calcium should be considered a useful adjunct in the treatment for multiple myeloma.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed1974

Bone disease in hemodialysis patients with particular reference to the effect of fluoride.

Forty-one patients on our chronic hemodialysis program were assessed for the degree of progression of bone disease over an average period of 46 months. Seven patients were using a fluoridated dialysate. Four of these seven patients developed a marked increase in osteoid as judged by bone biopsy, while in the nonfluoridated group the amount of osteoid remained within normal limits.In the absence of fluoride, although osteitis fibrosa occurred, it was reversible in 10 out of 12 cases by dihydrotachysterol treatment, and overall there was no evidence of progression of bone disease at the end of the study period.

Adult↗