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Biomedical subjects

D R Miller

Publications and source records attributed to D R Miller.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Influenza immunization of children with neoplastic diseases.

During the National Influenza Immunization Program in 1976, 147 children with neoplastic diseases received Wyeth split-product bivalent influenza vaccine: A/New Jersey/8/76 (HSW1N1), A/Victoria/3/75 (H3N2). Thirteen normal siblings served as controls. Seventy-one patients received two doses of the vaccine four weeks apart. After the second injection of A/NJ/8/76, there was a difference between the response of the patients on chemotherapy and those off therapy greater than or equal to 30 days--38% vs. 76%, P less than 0.01 for four-fold rise and 26% vs. 57%, P less than 0.05 for the attainment of protective (greater than or equal to 32) hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers. These differences were observed in both leukemia-lymphoma and solid tumor patients. There was a difference in HI titers to A/Vic/75 between patients on and off chemotherapy after a single injection, 34% vs. 71%, P less than 0.001 for a four-fold rise. After the second immunization, only 52% on, and 86% off therapy (P less than 0.05) had a four-fold rise in titers. Thirty-two percent of the patients on treatment who achieved "protective" titers did so only after the second immunization. Immunoglobulin levels and neutropenia did not correlate with the inability to obtain a four-fold rise in titers. Our findings suggest that patients on chemotherapy cannot be effectively vaccinated by a new antigen, and that single yearly boosters may be insufficient for recall of old antigens. Patients off chemotherapy greater than or equal to 30 days respond as normal controls.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1980

Hepatic trauma. A review of 56 consecutively treated patients.

The records of 56 consecutively treated patients with hepatic trauma were reviewed for clinical features, treatment, and results. Nonpenetrating trauma was the cause of 60% of the injuries, 40% of which were considered major. Peritoneal irritability, hypotension, and a positive abdominal paracentesis were common findings leading to abdominal exploration. Prompt fluid resuscitation followed by operation was successful in most patients. Various suture techniques were effectively used to control hemorrhage, and extensive debridement short of lobectomy was used if possible. Drainage was effective in reducing postoperative complications. Death was associated with extensive injuries that required right hepatic lobectomy in two patients, and in three patients deaths were unrelated to the hepatic injury. Complications were predominantly pulmonary problems, sepsis, and hemorrhage. These results support the prompt operative management of hepatic injuries with accepted procedures of debridement, precise vascular and biliary control, and drainage, conserving hepatic tissues.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Childhood CML in blastic stage: an analysis of cell markers and cell kinetics.

The clinical course of Ph+CML and their terminal blastic stage is described in the following case histories. During blastic phase, cell surface markers, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity, and flow cytometric measurements were used or determination of the blast cell phenotype which was undifferentiated by morphological and cytochemical criteria. A high proportion of blast cells expressed Fc receptors for IgG, TdT activity was normal in both children and RNA measurements of single cells flow cytometry showed a high RNA content in the majority of blasts. These findings are compatible with the phenotype seen in the myelomonocytic leukemias. Flow cytometry appears to be a useful adjunct to immunological methods and TdT activity for the rapid characterization of CML in blastic phase.

Child↗
PubMed1980

Osteosarcoma and acute myeloblastic leukemia after therapy for childhood Hodgkin disease - a case report.

A child diagnosed with Stage IVB Hodgkin disease at nine and one-half years of age subsequently developed osteosarcoma and acute myelogenous leukemia ten years after her initial diagnosis. She received multiple courses of radiotherapy and several single chemotherapeutic agents for her Hodgkin disease. Theraphy-induced multiple malignancies and intrinsic predisposition to carcinogenesis in this case is discussed.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1980

Improved conditions for murine epidermal cell culture.

An improved method for cultivating newborn mouse epidermal cells has been developed that increases the longevity, epithelial nature and efficiency of cell-line establishment. The use of Super Medium, an enriched Waymouth's formulation, increased proliferation for long periods of time, as did incubation at 31 degrees C rather than 37 degrees C. The fetal bovine serum requirement was found to be reduced at the lower temperature. An increase in labeling indices was seen when epidermal growth factor (EGF) or the cyclic nucleotides were added and the presence of EGF receptors was determined. Of the prostaglandins (PG) examined, PGE1 and PGE2 produced the greatest increase in DNA synthesis. The PG precursors, arachidonic and 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, were also greatly stimulatory. The use of a lethally irradiated 3T3 feeder layer at 31 degrees C proved superior in maintenance of an epithelial morphology. Subculturable cell lines were established much more readily and reproducibly in carcinogen-treated cultures grown under the improved conditions.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The effect of lithium carbonate on leukopenia after chemotherapy.

To evaluate the efficacy of lithium carbonate in ameliorating leukopenia, 37 patients (3 to 26 years old, mea (less than or equal to 1,000/mm3) over 40% of the time were designated at random on the last day of 82 separate chemotherapy courses to receive lithium or no treatment. Four could not take the drug because of the size of the capsules. There were 39 controls and 39 patients given lithium. Blood levels were maintained at 0.2 to 1.2 mEq/1 (median 0.7). The median drop of WBC in the treated group was 3,400/mm3 with a nadir of 1,800/mm3 vs 5,000 and 1,400, respectively, for the untreated patients (P LESS THAN 0.01). Eight patients (21%) in the lithium-treated group became severly leukopenic (less than or equal to 1,000/mm3) while 14 (36%) in the control group became leukopenic to that extent. Twenty-four patient days were spent with the WBC less than or equal to 1,000/mm3 after lithium and 57 days in the control group. Three patients required admission for 24 hospital days for fever while leukopenic after lithium, whereas seven patients spent 62 days in the hospital in the control group. Lithium reduces the period of leukopenia after chemotherapy during which time the patients may acquire infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

The improved outlook in childhood leukemia can be attributed to more accurate diagnosis, better supportive care, the use of drug combinations to achieve and maintain remission, and prophylactic therapy to prevent central nervous system leukemia. With the best treatment available today, 65 to 70 per cent of children are in complete continuous remission five years after diagnosis. Recent advances in biology, diagnosis, and treatment which have contributed to this progress are reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

De novo protein synthesis by human chondrosarcoma in cell and organ culture: evidence of unusually high collagen production by a neoplastic tissue.

Protein synthesis by human chondrosarcoma tissue and normal articular cartilage was studied in organ and primary monolayer cell culture systems. Protein synthesis by cell cultures was evaluated at 2.7 and 21 days after plating. When compared to normal, incorporation of 3H-proline and 35S-methionine into proteins was elevated in chondrosarcoma samples under both culture conditions. Hydroxyproline analyses of tissue hydrolysates indicated that chondrosarcoma samples contained significantly less collagen than normal articular cartilage, yet were incorporating significantly greater amounts of 3H-proline into 3H-hydroxyproline. Collagen production by cell cultures was assessed by digestion of samples with purified clostridial collagenase. Chondrosarcoma cells produced more collagenase-sensitive protein than normal cells at all intervals. SDS polyacrylamide gel analyses of all preparations showed two collagenase-sensitive proteins with apparent molecular weights of 165,000 and 175,000. Decreased synthesis of another major protein, apparent molecular weight 210-220,000 was noted in chondrosarcoma preparations in both culture systems.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Dual pricing of health sciences periodicals: a survey.

A survey of dual pricing practices among publishers of health-related journals identified 281 periodicals with an average price differential of over 100% between individual and institutional subscription rates. Both the practice itself and the amount of the differential are increasing, indicating that journal subscriptions of health sciences libraries increasingly provide the financial support necessary for the publication of health sciences journals. Dual pricing is also correlated with copyright royalties. The problems that dual pricing creates for health sciences libraries' budgets are due in part to uncritical purchasing by libraries. Increased consumerism on the part of health science librarians is recommended.

Cost Allocation↗
PubMed1979

Accumulation of procollagen in the degenerative articular cartilage of dogs with osteoarthritis.

Collagen metabolism was studied in degenerative articular cartilage of dogs with spontaneous, early onset osteoarthritis. A fraction of collagen which represented about 1.5% of the total was extracted from cartilage samples with dilute phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Agarose gel filtration in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed that extracts of degenerative cartilage had about 24% procollagen whereas extracts of normal samples had only 3%. The isolated procollagen fraction was rechromatographed on agarose columns in the presence of mercaptoethanol. This resulted in the identification of a collagen species which migrated between marker beta and alpha collagen chains. The molecular weight of this collagen was estimated to be 150,000. Based on incorporation of [14C]proline, its ratio of hydroxy[14C]proline to total 14C was 0.32. Procollagen was not found after limited pepsin digestion (pH 3, 4 degrees C, 16 h) of degenerative cartilage samples. Since the total collagen content (microgram hydroxyproline/mg cartilage), hydroxy-[14C]proline/mg cartilage, specific radioactivity of hydroxyproline in the extractable collagen fraction were similar for normal and degenerative cartilage we propose that procollagen accumulated in the degenerative cartilage due to a partial defect in conversion of procollagen to collagen.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Disseminated intravascular coagulation in the newborn.

We have reviewed 53 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in the newborn, including 29 cases that were confirmed at autopsy. Factors predisposing to DIC included maternal complications (60%), low Apgar scores (30%), hyaline membrane disease (62%), and sepsis (26%). Diagnostic criteria common to autopsy-proved cases included presence of fibrin degradation products, low factor V activity, a prolonged prothrombin time, and a prolonged partial thromboplastin time and/or thrombocytopenia. There appeared to be no difference in coagulation response or in mortality among patients treated with different therapeutic regimens. Survivors were older gestationally, had higher birth weights, and higher Apgar scores.

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation↗
PubMed1979

Juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia and dermal histiocytosis. In Von Recklinghausen's disease.

A 4-year-old boy with multiple café-au-lait spots and a family history of neurofibromatosis had generalized edema, histiocytic rash characterized by benign histiocytic infiltration, hepatomegaly, and life-threatening infection. Six months later, progessive splenomegaly led to juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia that eventually proved fata. The case represents an important association of diseases.

Bacterial Infections↗