We have found that the addition of 10 mM inorganic phosphate to DHA in CPD-adenine maintains ATP levels at normal or higher than normal values for six weeks of storage. 2,3-DPG values are slightly lowered by the extra phosphate, but are still maintained at approximately half normal for four weeks by the DHA. The addition of a higher phosphate concentration, 20 mM, to DHA produced lower levels of ATP and 2,3-DPG than those observed with 10 mM phosphate, although both levels were better than in the CPD-adenine control. pH values in this experiment were lowest in the three preservatives containing DHA, probably indicating increased lactate production due to metabolism of this triose sugar, in addition to dextrose present in CPD.

Adenine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Blood preservation 33. Phosphate enhancement of ribose maintenance of 2,3-DPG and ATP.

Blood storage in CPD-adenine supplemented with 25 mM inosine and 10 mM phosphate gave 2,3-DPG levels as high as 140 per cent of normal for six weeks of blood storage at 4 C. Lower but normal 2,3-DPG levels were maintained throughout six weeks with inosine or inosine plus ribose. Ribose alone provided marginally increased DPG maintenance over the control, but ribose with phosphate maintained 2,3-DPG levels above 70 per cent of normal for five weeks of storage and two weeks longer than the control preservative. ATP levels were maintained at normal or above for six weeks with phosphate plus ribose or inosine. 2,3-DPG maintenance has previously been shown to be impaired by phosphate, unless inosine is also present. The ribose and inosine effects on 2,3-DPG maintenance are not additive. Phosphate also has an enhancement effect on ATP maintenance in the presence of either ribose or inosine.

Adenine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Blood preservation 42: improvement of ascorbate's ability to maintain 2,3-DPG with inosine.

Inosine and ascorbate have been shown to maintain normal 2,3-DPG levels during three to four weeks of blood storage. With the introduction of CPD-adenine, which allows five weeks of storage, the desire for 2,3-DPG maintenance may receive new emphasis. Red blood cell 2,3-DPG remained at normal or higher levels for six weeks whenever 10 or 15 mM inosine and 10 mM vitamin C (L-ascorbate) or D-ascorbate were present in the CPD-adenine preservative. Provision by inosine of a five-carbon sugar for 2,3-DPG synthesis, bypassing the rate-limiting phosphofructokinase reaction, may allow NADH oxidation by ascorbate to provide an increased supply of substrate for the Rappoport-Luebering shunt, thus affecting the net increase and maintenance of 2,3-DPG.

Ascorbic Acid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dihydroxyacetone, pyruvate, and phosphate effects on 2,3 DPG and ATP in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine blood preservation.

Blood was stored with various combinations of 60 mM dihydroxyacetone (DHA), 80 mM pyruvate and 10 mM phosphate in citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine-one (CPDA-1) preservative for 42 days. During that time, DHA was found to have a beneficial effect on 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG), although a deleterious effect on adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Preservatives containing pyruvate gave similar results. However, DHA and phosphate together in CPDA-1 improved both 2,3 DPG and ATP. The adverse effect on 2,3 DPG levels that phosphate normally shows was reversed by the addition of DHA. These results indicate that the addition of phosphate alone, rather than pyruvate, or pyruvate and phosphate, to DHA in CPDA-1 would be preferable to the presently licensed CPDA-1 preservative.

2,3-Diphosphoglycerate↗