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Biomedical subjects

D R Jones

Publications and source records attributed to D R Jones.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Secondary disaster victims: the emotional effects of recovering and identifying human remains.

The author conducted a questionnaire survey of the 592 U.S. Air Force personnel involved in transporting and identifying the bodies of the almost 1,000 persons who died in Jonestown, Guyana; 225 (38%) of the personnel involved returned the questionnaire, as well as 76 (22%) of 352 individuals who were not involved in the operation. The Guyana respondents reported significantly more short-term dysphoria, which was more pronounced in those younger than 25 years of age, those who were black, those who were enlisted men rather than officers, and those with more exposure to the bodies. The author discusses the implications of these findings in planning future disaster relief programs.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1985

Self-control of psychophysiologic response to motion stress: using biofeedback to treat airsickness.

Investigators of the Neuropsychiatry Branch, Clinical Sciences Division, U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine (USAFSAM), provided biofeedback-moderated behavioral treatment to 53 fliers grounded for chronic, severe motion sickness, and followed each flier for 2 years after treatment completion. Success was defined as returning to and maintaining satisfactory operational flying status. Of these, 42 fliers (79%) met this criterion; 3 (6%) were partially successful, and 8 (15%) were subsequently grounded for recurrent airsickness. Follow-on studies will investigate psychophysiological mechanisms through which this method of treatment works.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1984

Unemployment and mortality in the OPCS Longitudinal Study.

The mortality of men aged 15-64 who were seeking work in the week before the 1971 census was investigated by means of the OPCS Longitudinal Study, which follows up a 1% sample of the population of England and Wales. In contrast to the current position, only 4% of men of working age in 1971 fell into this category. The mortality of these unemployed men in the period 1971-81 was higher (standardised mortality ratio 136) than would be expected from death rates in all men in the Longitudinal Study. The socioeconomic distribution of the unemployed accounts for some of the raised mortality, but, after allowance for this, a 20-30% excess remains; this excess was apparent both in 1971-75 and in 1976-81. The data offer only limited support for the suggestion that some of this excess resulted from men becoming unemployed because of their ill-health; the trend in overall mortality over time and the pattern by cause of death were not those usually associated with ill-health selection. Previous studies have suggested that stress accompanying unemployment could be associated with raised suicide rates, as were again found here. Moreover, the mortality of women whose husbands were unemployed was higher than that of all married women (standardised mortality ratio 120), and this excess also persisted after allowance for their socioeconomic distribution. The results support findings by others that unemployment is associated with adverse effects on health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Bereavement and cancer: some data on deaths of spouses from the longitudinal study of Office of Population Censuses and Surveys.

Registration of cancer and mortality after the death of a spouse were assessed using data from the longitudinal study of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys (OPCS). The study population comprised 1% of the people counted in England and Wales in the 1971 census, for whom data on subsequent vital events were linked with their census records. There was little evidence of an increase in registrations of cancer after the death of a spouse and only a slight suggestion of increased mortality from cancer. For other causes of death there was some evidence of increases in mortality during widow(er)hood. In so far as the death of a spouse is often a very stressful event, these data may be interpreted as providing little support for the hypothesis that stress is implicated in the aetiology of cancer.

Death↗
PubMed1984

Projections from the superior olivary complex to the cochlear nucleus in the tree shrew.

The origins and targets of projections from the superior olivary complex to the cochlear nuclei were studied in the tree shrew by placing small injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the cochlear nucleus and small injections of 3H-leucine in the superior olivary complex. The results show that the descending pathways originate in periolivary cell groups surrounding the medial and lateral superior olives and that periolivary nuclei differ from one another in their patterns of projections to the cochlear nucleus. For example, cell groups may project either ipsilaterally or bilaterally. Cells in the lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body project only to the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus. Other periolivary cell groups project bilaterally, although some of these may project more heavily to one side than the other. Some pathways have widespread targets in the cochlear nucleus whereas others have relatively specific targets. Diffuse projections to all divisions of the cochlear nucleus arise from the lateral nucleus of the trapezoid body ipsilaterally and from the medial perioliviary nucleus bilaterally. The targets of other descending pathways are more restricted. The anterolateral, dorsal, and dorsolateral periolivary nuclei project mainly to the anteroventral cochlear nucleus; the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body and the posterior periolivary nucleus project mainly to the dorsal and posteroventral cochlear nuclei. All of these specific projections are bilateral. These results suggest that projections from the periolivary cell groups to the cochlear nucleus consist of multiple components with different degrees of specificity.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Transganglionic transport of D-aspartate from cochlear nucleus to cochlea--a quantitative autoradiographic study.

This study concerns the connections of the inner and outer hair cells and the different types of ganglion cells of the mammalian cochlea with the central nervous system by making use of their putative neurotransmitters. D-[3H]Aspartate (D-ASP), a putative marker for glutamatergic neurons, was injected into the cochlear nucleus of cats and guinea pigs and the cochleas prepared for light microscopic autoradiography after varying survival times. A quantitative, statistical autoradiographic method is described. Grain counts per unit area were made for each of 14 tissue compartments in the cochlea and normalized to permit comparisons between cases. An operationally defined background labeling level was computed for each case and a statistical test for significance applied to the neuron-containing tissue compartments. With increasing survival times, significant labeling appeared successively in the cochlear nerve root, in each type of spiral ganglion cell, and in the neuron-containing tissue compartments of the organ of Corti. The findings are consistent with uptake of D-ASP and retrograde transport by cochlear nerve axons from the cochlear nucleus to the perikarya and peripheral processes of the spiral ganglion. We conclude that axons of all spiral ganglion cells project to the cochlear nucleus and that this nucleus is directly connected with both the inner and outer hair cells. Transganglionic transport of D-ASP from the cochlear nucleus is consistent with the hypothesis that the cochlear nerve axons use glutamate or aspartate as a neurotransmitter.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Cases from the Aerospace Medicine Residents' Teaching File.

"From the aerospace medicine residents' teaching file: toxic peripheral neuropathy, sacroiliitis, and mitral valve prolapse." The clinical presentation, evaluation and diagnosis of an aviator exposed to N-Hexane and Butanone are discussed. The aeromedical disposition of this patient, who also had mitral valve prolapse and subclinical sacroiliitis, is also presented.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1984

The adaptability rating for military aeronautics: an historical perspective of a continuing problem.

Healthy candidates for military flying training may vary considerably in their ability and in their motivation to fly. A variety of tests are used to predict flying ability, but motivation may be assessed only through such subjective measures as a semi-structured interview. This paper reviews the historical background of such interviews in the U.S. Army and the U.S. Air Force, and suggests some possible improvements.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1983

Quantification of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and 10-hydroxy metabolite isomers in plasma by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-sensitive detection.

A selective, sensitive method for the determination of amitriptyline and its metabolites is described. This method involves liquid-liquid extraction and capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-sensitive detection. The detection limits of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, 10-hydroxy(E)amitriptyline, 10-hydroxy(E)nortriptyline, and 10-hydroxy(Z)nortriptyline were slightly less than 0.5 ng/ml in 1.0-ml plasma samples. The coefficients of variation for within-run and between-run analyses of samples containing 100 ng/ml were less than 12% and 9%, respectively. The method offers rapid analysis of individual isomers, increased sensitivity over high-performance liquid chromatographic methodology and the conveniences of the gas chromatographic technique.

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1983

Is the statistical assessment of papers submitted to the "British Medical Journal" effective?

A study was performed to judge the effectiveness of the statistical assessment scheme for papers submitted to the "British Medical Journal." Statistical criticism of the content of 200 submitted papers which had already been seen by a subject referee led directly or indirectly to 73 (37%) being rejected for publication. In most cases (53 out of 73) serious problems requiring more than minor revision were identified. A comparison of reports on subsequently unpublished and published papers showed that adverse statistical assessments--suggesting major problems--were more common in the papers that were not accepted for publication. Moderate, or less, revision was recommended for 63% of published papers but 39% of the remainder. A checklist of relevant questions was used in making a detailed comparison of 12 published papers, six of which had been statistically assessed and six of which had not. This comparison yielded little evidence that the papers that had been assessed were statistically more acceptable than those that had not been assessed but re-emphasised the subjectivity of refereeing and assessment.

Periodicals as Topic↗
PubMed1983

Clovoxamine kinetics in an early clinical trial.

Elimination kinetics of the new antidepressant clovoxamine were determined in a preliminary clinical trial in 10 depressed patients. When final oral doses of 50 mg clovoxamine fumarate were given, the mean peak steady-state plasma concentration was about 60 ng/ml after 3 hr. Clovoxamine elimination proceeded by an apparent single-phasic, first-order decline with a mean t1/2 of 9.5 +/- 2.8 hr. One subject had an unusually long t1/2 (31.5 hr) and had correspondingly high clovoxamine plasma concentrations. The mean apparent volume of distribution (Vd) calculated from oral dosage was 19.5 +/- 6 l/kg, but one atypical subject had an apparent Vd of 96 l/kg. The mean apparent oral clearance was 25.5 +/- 12.5 ml/min/kg. These parameters should be of assistance in planning dosage regimens and monitoring therapeutic blood levels according to kinetic principles. Atypical clovoxamine kinetics can be associated with abnormally high or low blood levels and could therefore lead to variability in clinical response.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Diving responses in ducks after acute barodenervation.

The contribution of systemic arterial baroreceptors to the cardiovascular adjustments to diving has been investigated in unanesthetized ducks after acute baroreceptor denervation. Both intact and denervated ducks exhibited bradycardia on diving, although denervated ducks showed a lesser and more variable fall in heart rate. Hindlimb vascular resistance rose significantly in both intact and denervated ducks. Continuous stimulation of one depressor nerve, through miniature electrodes implanted on the cut central end, resulted in a diving bradycardia intermediate between that recorded in intact and denervated animals. Intermittent stimulation of the depressor nerve, for 20-s periods, at intensities high enough to cause a large fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) predive caused a smaller reduction in MAP as a dive was prolonged, due to a large decline in the ability of the baroreceptor reflex to affect peripheral resistance. There was no change in the effect of stimulation on cardiac control before or during diving. The present experiments indicate that a barostatic reflex, which exerts its effects primarily through cardiac control and not control of total peripheral resistance, is active through the dive but that the majority of the diving response in ducks is independent of baroreceptor integrity.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation of xenon-133 renal blood flow measurement in the intact rat.

The xenon-133 method for measuring renal blood flow in the intact rat was evaluated by direct measurement using a nonhemolyzing pump to perfuse kidneys in situ with the rat's own blood. Flows were calculated from the xenon data by means of four commonly used types of analysis: compartmental analysis using the weighted arithmetic mean (WAM), compartmental analysis using the weighted harmonic mean (WHM), stochastic analysis (SA), and initial slope analysis (ISA). WHM and SA estimate actual blood flows, whereas WAM and ISA provide only an index of mean renal flow. All results correlated well with the pumped flows (r values ranged from 0.79 to 0.98). However, the various types of analysis gave a wide range of calculated flows. This may explain some of the variation found in mean renal flow values reported in the literature. The method of choice was WHM, using only the first two compartments; the regression line between this (y) and direct measurement (x) was y = 0.98x + 0.17, r = 0.96.

Animals↗