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Biomedical subjects

D R Jones

Publications and source records attributed to D R Jones.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Investigation into factors influencing performance of the canine antiglobulin test.

Antiglobulin (Coombs') reagents were assessed for their ability to detect immunoglobulin and complement attached to red cells. Polyspecific and monospecific reagents were prepared using a number of immunisation protocols. Performance of these antisera against control red cells was compared, in a direct Coombs' test, with samples from cases of canine autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). A combined reagent containing two monospecific antisera (anti-IgG + anti-C3) gave optimum results. Positive control red cells were required to standardise canine Coombs' reagents for the laboratory diagnosis of AIHA. The optimum incubation temperature for the canine Coombs' test was shown to be 37 degrees C.

Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune↗
PubMed1989

Cardiorespiratory responses to aerobic training by patients with postpoliomyelitis sequelae.

We examined the cardiorespiratory responses of 16 patients with postpoliomyelitis sequelae to a 16-week aerobic exercise program. The patients exercised at 70% of maximal heart rate. Dependent variables were resting and maximal heart rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, maximum oxygen consumption, maximum carbon dioxide consumption, respiratory quotient, and maximum expired volume per unit time. The exercise group was superior to the control group in watts, exercise time, maximum expired volume per unit time, and maximum oxygen consumption. No untoward events or loss of leg strength occurred as a result of the exercise regimen. We conclude that the aerobic training program employed in this study is a safe, short-term procedure and that patients with postpolio sequelae respond to training in a manner similar to healthy adults.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Relationships among nortriptyline, 10-OH(E)nortriptyline, and 10-OH(Z)nortriptyline steady-state plasma levels and nortriptyline dosage.

The postulated therapeutic activity of nortriptyline metabolites has prompted investigation of dosage adjustments based on plasma levels of nortriptyline (NT) and its metabolites. The method assumes that metabolite concentrations vary independently of nortriptyline concentrations among patients. This study tests that assumption and investigates different means of obtaining metabolite concentrations. Forty-two psychiatric inpatients were divided into three maintenance dose groups: 50, 100, and 150 mg NT/day. After a 28-day study for each inpatient, steady-state plasma concentrations for days 14, 18, 21, 25, and 28 were determined. Concentrations were averaged for each patient. Nortriptyline concentrations did not correlate well with corresponding 10-OH(E)nortriptyline (p greater than 0.05) or 10-OH(Z)nortriptyline concentrations (r2 = 0.31, p less than 0.05). Concentrations of 10-OH(E)nortriptyline did not correlate well with corresponding 10-OH(Z)nortriptyline concentrations (r2 = 0.236, p less than 0.05). Neither dose/body weight nor obesity were good predictors of individual concentrations of nortriptyline, 10-OH(E)nortriptyline, or 10-OH(Z)nortriptyline or even the sum of the three. In conclusion, optimal drug therapy may involve dosage adjustments according to the combined plasma levels of nortriptyline and metabolites. Assurance of obtaining certain plasma concentrations requires plasma level monitoring.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1989

Assessment of volume measurement of the prostate using per-rectal ultrasonography.

A study was made of 100 cadaveric prostates (71 benign glands and 29 invaded by adenocarcinoma) using a technique that enabled per-rectal ultrasonography to be carried out and their volumes measured by computed planimetry. These volumes were compared directly with the actual volumes of the glands measured after dissection from the cadaver specimens. A high degree of correlation was obtained for the measurement of benign glands (r = 0.982) and glands containing cancers confined within the capsule (r = 0.961). Estimation of the size of cancers unconfined to the gland was poor and measurement was not possible with 3 malignant prostates that had extended beyond the prostatic capsule so that the ultrasonic boundary could not be defined.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Structure and per-rectal ultrasonography of prostatic disease using cadaver specimens.

One hundred cadaver prostates were examined by per-rectal ultrasound and the findings correlated with the microradiographic and histopathological features of whole sections taken at the levels of scanning. The normal gland consists of both periurethral muscle and glands. The periurethral muscle has little structure on microradiography and is therefore hypoechoic (low amplitude echoes) on ultrasound scanning. The gland itself, both central and peripheral zones, has a lattice appearance on microradiography (reticular structure) and therefore produces mid-range amplitude echoes on ultrasound. Benign hypertrophy develops at the edge of the periurethral muscle and is microadenomatous in structure. This produces mid-range amplitude echoes which are coarser than in the normal gland. Associated calcification has a characteristic distribution around the adenomas. Cancer produces an amorphous structure resulting in loss of ultrasonic echoes (hypoechoic). In a few cancers irregular calcification is present, resulting in high echoes in the ultrasound scan (hyperechoic) which are not in the typical benign distribution. The internal structure of the prostate was therefore demonstrated in its histopathological states by the technique of microradiography and seen to relate to its representation by ultrasound.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Comparative histopathology, microradiography and per-rectal ultrasonography of the prostate using cadaver specimens.

A technique for examining cadaver prostates by per-rectal ultrasonography has been developed. The ultrasonic plane was defined and corresponding sections taken for microradiographic and histopathological examination. The technique has enabled a comparison to be made of the structural changes that occur in the prostate in disease states and the corresponding ultrasonic features.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Clinical aspects of diagnosis and monitoring of prostatic cancer.

This paper discusses the impact of new imaging technologies on our traditional confidence in digital rectal examination for help in diagnosis, biopsy staging and follow-up of patients with prostatic cancer. Ultrasound, particularly per-rectal ultrasound examination, has an important role in the differential diagnosis of smaller palpable abnormalities in the prostate and is especially useful for staging. It is also of value to measure prostatic response to treatment.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1989

Psychiatric care in the military community: family and military stressors.

Unique challenges confront members of the military community. Military families must deal with prolonged absences by active-duty spouses and parents, frequent moves, isolation from the civilian community, and the potential loss of a family member in war or preparation for war. The active-duty service member faces the dangers of combat, including the threat presented by chemical and biological warfare, and the increasingly sophisticated technical demands of modern military equipment. The authors review psychiatric stressors that affect service members and their families and highlight aspects of military psychiatry that have implications for the practice of community psychiatry.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The correlation of histopathological, microradiographic and ultrasonographic features in disease of the prostate gland.

The histopathological, microradiographic and ultrasonographic features of corresponding areas of 100 cadaveric prostates were examined and correlated statistically to investigate their relationship. Benign glands are seen to be related to reticular structure and mid-range echoes. Benign prostatic hyperplasia is related to microadenomatous structure and mid-range echoes, whilst cancer is related to amorphous structure and low echoes. A small number of cancers have irregular calcification present and these tumours are related to high echoes. The structure of the prostate gland is therefore related to its pathology and explains its ultrasound echogenicity.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Interleukin-1 induces a pertussis toxin-sensitive increase in diacylglycerol accumulation in mouse thymoma cells.

The mechanism of action of the cytokine, interleukin-1 (IL-1), has been investigated. Mouse thymoma (EL4 6.1) cells were preincubated with [3H]-glycerol and then incubated with recombinant IL-1 beta for varying periods. Interleukin-1 caused a rapid increase in diacylglycerol production (approx. 2 fold at 30 secs). This reproducible enhancement of diacylglycerol accumulation was abolished by pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin. Interestingly, a similar IL-1 induced increase in diacylglycerol was observed when the cells were preincubated with [3H]-myristic acid. These results appear to suggest a novel mode of action of interleukin-1 which involves a G-protein mediated breakdown of a membrane lipid resulting in the production of diacylglycerol. It is suggested that one possible candidate for this parent lipid may be a phosphatidylinositol glycan.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Chlorine dioxide sterilization of implanted right atrial catheters in rabbits.

The disinfection of right atrial catheters in situ using chlorine dioxide was investigated. Catheters were implanted into rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculi) and colonized by inoculation of Staphylococcus aureus, Sa-80, into the lumen. All of the catheters were colonized and the difference in numbers of bacteria recovered from animals destined for the control and disinfection groups was not significant. Animals were assigned randomly to the control or disinfection group. Treatment consisted of filling the catheter lumen of the disinfection group with chlorine dioxide and of the control group with sterile physiological saline daily for 15 minutes. In addition, both groups received systemic antimicrobial therapy. Cultures of blood withdrawn from the catheters and by venipuncture were negative for five of the nine control group animals after treatment for 5 days. Four control group catheters failed, after from 3 to 21 treatments, without ever achieving negative cultures. All nine animals in the disinfection group had negative cultures after treatment for 5 days. Subsequently, one animal from each group reverted to positive cultures. All nine control group catheters failed during the study, compared to only three disinfection group catheters (p less than 0.01). At necropsy, culture of cardiac blood, thrombi and catheter tubing sections demonstrated colonization of six in the control group and only one in the disinfection group (p less than 0.05). Rabbits tolerated the chlorine dioxide disinfection well and no adverse signs were noted.

Animals↗