Eradication of group A streptococci from the upper respiratory tract by amoxicillin with clavulanate after oral penicillin V treatment failure.
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Amoxicillin↗
Biomedical subjects
D R Johnson
Publications and source records attributed to D R Johnson.
The effect of replicated selection for body weight in mice on vertebral shape.
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Animals↗
Gallium-67 and pulmonary complications of amiodarone.
A 66-year-old white man with amiodarone pneumonitis is presented. The diagnosis was made with the aid of Ga-67 imaging, which is a sensitive method of detecting amiodarone pulmonary toxicity in patients with symptomatic pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiographs. Ga-67 imaging is especially useful in distinguishing amiodarone pneumonitis from congestive heart failure.
Aged↗
Microtechnique for serum opacity factor characterization of group A streptococci adaptable to the use of human sera.
We have developed a microtechnique for detection of streptococcal serum opacity factor (OF) and for typing of group A streptococci by inhibition of OF. This technique, which involves the use of single wells of standard 96-well tissue culture plates, offers several advantages over previous methods: no advance test preparation is required, allowing tests to be quickly and easily performed; only small quantities of reagents are required; results can be determined visually (qualitative) or by using a photometric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader (quantitative); and human serum samples may be quickly and easily screened for OF-inhibitory antibody and subsequently used in place of difficult-to-produce and expensive hyperimmune animal sera for OF characterization of group A streptococci. Fifty-eight samples of normal adult human serum were tested by this new microtechnique for anti-OF antibodies, and 49 (84%) were found to have antibody against 1 or more of the 27 recognized OF-positive serotypes. OF antibodies to M-4, M-2, M-75, and M-48 were most common in these individuals. These 58 human serum samples collectively contained antibody to 25 of the 27 different OF-producing serotypes. Serum samples from four individuals were tested for persistence of OF antibody. OF antibodies to eight different serotypes present in the serum samples collected 7 to 12 years previously were present in the freshly collected sera, indicating that OF antibody persists in human antisera for many years. This new technique has distinct advantages and makes it possible for many laboratories to use this technique to characterize group A streptococci.
Animals↗
The relationship between age, size and shape in the upper thoracic vertebrae of the mouse.
The shapes of the first two thoracic vertebrae of F1 mice produced by crossing BALB/c and CBA inbred strains have been examined at 25-60 days by Fourier analysis. The greatest shape change during this period is between 25 and 30 days and is related to the finalisation of the form of the neural arch and spinous process. Between 30 and 60 days there is continued linear shape change not associated with further increase in vertebral area, and probably due to a constant pattern of localised shape changes. Both vertebrae and both sexes behave similarly.
Aging↗
Purification and characterization of class II histocompatibility antigens from a homozygous human B cell line.
Human class II histocompatibility antigens were purified from the Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B lymphoblastoid cell line LG-2 by immunoaffinity chromatography. This is the first time all three subsets have been prepared as nonradioactive materials on a milligram scale. The yields of DR, DQ, and DP from 10 g of cells were approximately 12, 2, and 0.2 mg, respectively. Cross-contamination of the subsets was found to be less than 2% when assayed by measuring the binding of antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies to antigen immobilized on fixed erythrocytes. The three purified subsets were extensively characterized. They contained no detectable invariant chain. The three proteins were distinguished by their migration on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing. The denatured antigens were susceptible to partial removal of carbohydrate by endoglycosidase H and apparently complete removal of carbohydrate by endoglycosidase F. The isolated, denatured chains differed in their affinities for radiolabeled lectins, suggesting differences in carbohydrate structures. A water-soluble form of each antigen was prepared by a controlled papain digestion of the native antigen. Both native and denatured antigens were analyzed for their reactivities with a panel of class II antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies, allowing a precise definition of the specificities of the antibodies.
Alkylation↗
Chromosomal abnormalities in indolent lymphoma.
Cytogenetic studies were performed on lymph node biopsies from 60 patients with indolent (low grade) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Thirty-two of the 39 successfully cultured biopsies had abnormal clones. The 32 abnormal clones represented the following histologies: seven small lymphocytic lymphoma (SL), eight follicular small cleaved cell lymphoma (FSC), 14 follicular mixed, small cleaved, and large cell lymphoma (FM), and three composite lymphomas. One of the composite lymphomas had FSC/DSC (diffuse small cleaved cell) and the other two FM/DM (diffuse mixed, small cleaved and large cell). Twenty-seven of the 32 biopsies were immunologically typed, and all were B cell. The clones all exhibited more structural than numerical abnormalities, and there was no difference in the modal chromosome number of the abnormal clones found in each histology. Biopsies with no normal cells were more frequently found in the SL histology (71%) than in the two follicular lymphoma groups (54%-55%). A translocation of the 14q32 segment was the most common abnormality found in all three histologies. In the follicular lymphomas a t(14;18)(q32;q21) was seen in 52% (13 of 25) of these patients, this translocation was not observed in the SL patients. Overall 84% (21 of 25) of the follicular lymphoma patients had abnormalities of 14q32 and/or 18q21. Other specific abnormalities included anomalies of chromosome #3 in FM, an abnormal 10q in FSC and FM lymphoma, and a high incidence of +18 and chromosome #1 abnormalities in patients with t(14;18). The presence of specific chromosome abnormalities in the indolent lymphoma patients suggests a relationship between certain karyotypic features and histology.
Adult↗
Effects of calcium on cadmium uptake and binding in the rat intestine.
Cadmium uptake in vitro was evaluated in everted duodenal, jejunal, and ileal segments of the rat small intestine. Washing the sacs with EDTA subsequent to cadmium exposure distinguished labile and nonlabile cadmium compartments. These compartments were distinct with respect to regional distribution, kinetics, and effect of calcium. Uptake into the nonlabile cadmium compartment but not into the labile cadmium compartment was time dependent, consistent with transport and adsorption processes, respectively. Initial uptake rates for the nonlabile cadmium compartment showed both saturable and first-order kinetics. Calcium inhibited only the saturable mechanism. Cadmium uptake rate and sensitivity to calcium were greatest in the duodenum due to the predominance of the saturable mechanism in this region. Distal to the duodenum cadmium uptake exhibited primarily first-order kinetics. The Vmax for the saturable process was reduced 90% by calcium. The absence of competitive inhibition indicates that calcium and cadmium do not share a common carrier-mediated uptake mechanism. The amount of cadmium bound in the labile compartment was comparable in all segments and could be described by a nonlinear function which was the sum of the saturable and second-order terms. Addition of calcium had an apparent cooperative effect on cadmium binding, increasing the second-order term of binding in the labile compartment. Thus calcium was found to have a dual effect on cadmium accumulation by intestinal tissue: inhibition of saturable duodenal uptake and stimulation of binding throughout the small intestine.
Adsorption↗
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of potent new angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors containing saturated bicyclic amino acids.
The synthesis of a series of novel, potent angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors containing saturated bicyclic amino acids in place of proline is described. Octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid, octahydroisoindole-1-carboxylic acid, and octahydro-3-oxoisoindole-1-carboxylic acid can replace proline in both sulfhydryl and non-sulfhydryl ACE inhibitors to give compounds equipotent to captopril and enalapril both in vitro and in vivo. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. Compound 11a (CI-907, indolapril) has advanced to clinical evaluation.
Amino Acids↗
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma causing fundus picture simulating fundus flavimaculatus.
Two apparently healthy patients experienced visual loss and had a peculiar flecked retina simulating fundus flavimaculatus in one eye some months before developing signs and symptoms of the systemic form of non-Hodgkin's large-cell lymphoma. Both experienced spontaneous improvement in visual symptoms and partial resolution of the fundus changes.
Aged↗
Meeting the challenge of transition service planning through improved interagency cooperation.
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Adolescent↗
The development of the teeth of the microphthalmic (mi/mi) mouse.
The histological development of the teeth of mice homozygous for the osteopetrotic mutation microphthalmia (mi) in the mouse is described for the period 1-20 days post partum. The abnormalities described, including overall retardation, impaired root formation, encapsulation by bone and consequent non-eruption, are discussed and compared to the defects seen in the grey lethal (gl) mouse.
Animals↗
TTGG-A-L-specific memory B cells induced in low responder strains.
The immune response to TTGG-A--L, a defined-sequence, branched-chain polypeptide, is regulated by MHC-linked Ir genes. TTGG-A--L-specific B cells can be demonstrated in low responder strains by activation to specific antibody secretion after immunization with TTGGAA-F gamma G, a conjugate of the hexapeptide TTGGAA and the immunogenic carrier fowl gamma-globulin. It is shown that immunization with TTGG-A--L induces specific memory B cells with equal efficiency in low and high responder strains. This finding demonstrates that memory formation in a B cell subpopulation represented by TTGG-A--L-specific precursors is independent of carrier-specific, MHC-restricted helper T cells. This conclusion is further supported by the demonstration in an adoptive transfer model that immunization with TTGG-A--L induces equivalent levels of TTGG-A--L-specific memory B cells in T cell-deficient nude mice and their normal heterozygous littermates.
Animals↗
Different T cell requirements for specific memory induction in normal and xid B cells.
The immune response to TTGG-A--L, a defined-sequence, branched-chain polypeptide, is regulated by MHC-linked Ir genes. TTGG-A--L specific B cells can be demonstrated in both normal and immune-defective low responder strains by activation to specific antibody secretion after immunization with TTGGAA-F gamma G, a conjugate of the hexapeptide TTGGAA and the immunogenic carrier fowl gamma-globulin. It is shown that immunization with TTGG-A--L induces specific memory B cells with equal efficiency in normal low and high responder strains but not in immune-defective low responder strains. We conclude that memory induction in xid B cells in contrast to normal B cells is dependent on MHC-restricted, carrier-specific helper T cells. Other observations also suggest a more stringent requirement for MHC-restricted, carrier-specific helper T cells in the induction of TTGGAA-specific antibody secretion by xid as compared to normal B cells. Both normal and immune-defective H-2k/b hybrids between the mutant CBA/N strain and TTGG-A--L high responder BALB.B are responders to TTGG-A--L. In contrast, normal but not immune-defective H-2k/d hybrids with responder BALB/c are responders to TTGG-A--L. This identifies H-2d as a TTGG-A--L high responder haplotype for normal B cells but a low responder haplotype for xid B cells, whereas H-2b is a high responder haplotype for both normal and xid B cells. This must reflect a quantitative or qualitative difference in Ir gene-mediated cellular interactions required for induction of antibody secretion in normal and xid B cells.
Animals↗
Defective natural killing activity but retention of lymphocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in patients with the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome.
Cellular mediated immune responses in vitro of six males with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) were investigated. Impaired natural killing (NK) activity compared to seven controls (P less than 0.001) and interferon-alpha activation (P less than 0.011) were detected. However, normal numbers of lymphocytes expressing NK-associated antigens (Leu-7 and MO1) and large granular lymphocytes (LGL) were observed in all patients. Normal lymphocyte-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) (P less than 0.531) was found. NK and ADCC activities have been regarded as being mediated by the same subsets of lymphocytes, however, results of this study do not support this hypothesis: lymphocytes with impaired NK but normal ADCC functions (NK-/K+) were found in males with XLP.
Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗
Effect of nickel sulfate on cellular proliferation and Epstein-Barr virus antigen expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines.
Nickel is found in high levels in the environment of the high-risk areas for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) of China. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with NPC and the interaction of nickel and EBV may be a contributive cofactor to the development of NPC. The study of the in vitro effect of nickel sulfate on cell proliferation and EBV-antigen expression demonstrated that nickel increases cell proliferation of some EBV-positive lymphoblastoid cell lines and increases early antigen expression of Raji cells. Nickel exerted variable effects on viral capsid antigen (VCA): increasing VCA-positive cells in B95-8 cells while decreasing VCA in P3HR-1 cells. It is proposed that the uptake of nickel in NPC high-risk areas could be one of the factors responsible for cancer development in the nasopharynx in China.
Antigens, Viral↗
Kinetic analysis of the inhibition of natural killer (NK) activity by multiple populations of tumor-activated suppressor cells.
Previous studies have shown that the progressive growth of the M-1 fibrosarcoma in DBA/2J mice is associated with the activation of suppressor cells which inhibit both mitogen-induced proliferative responses and antibody synthesis. In this study, we have analyzed the effect of tumor growth on NK cell activity. Mice in the advanced stages of tumor growth did have a significant depression in NK activity, and this depression could not be overcome by the injection of the interferon inducer, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C). The decline in NK activity was associated with the presence in the spleens of suppressor cells capable of inhibiting the NK activity of spleen cells from Poly I:C-treated syngeneic mice. In order to characterize the suppressor cells, we used a combination of negative selection procedures and kinetic analysis. These studies demonstrated that the spleens of tumor-bearing mice contained two distinct populations of suppressor cells which were not evident in normal mice. One population was non-adherent to nylon wool, Thy-1-, non-phagocytic, did not bind target cells, and had a non-competitive mechanism of suppression. The second population was adherent, Thy-1-, phagocytic, and had a competitive mechanism of suppression. In addition, the spleens of both normal and tumor-bearing mice contained an adherent, non-competitive suppressor cell population which was enriched following negative selection procedures removing T cells or phagocytic cells.
Animals↗
Absolute lymphocytosis associated with nonsurgical trauma.
Absolute lymphocytosis after nonsurgical trauma was investigated in three patient groups at an acute-care tertiary referral hospital. The first group, with mild-to-moderate trauma, consisted of 64 patients who survived knife wounds to the chest and abdomen. Thirteen of the 64 patients had admission lymphocyte counts greater than 5.0 X 10(9)/L (mean +/- SD: 6.0 X 10(9) +/- 2.4 X 10(9]. Within 24 hours, all 13 showed a significant drop in lymphocyte count to 1.9 X 10(9) +/- 0.9 X 10(9)/L. The second group, with severe trauma, consisted of 11 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Admission lymphocyte values averaged 5.9 X 10(9) +/- 0.6 X 10(9)/L and decreased to 1.54 X 10(9) +/- 0.3 X 10(9)/L within six hours. The relative importance of trauma as a cause of lymphocytosis was established by reviewing all hospitalized patients with lymphocyte counts greater than 5.0 X 10(9)/L between August 1983 and October 1985. The survey indicates that trauma and hemorrhage account for 16% of all cases of lymphocytosis, and that trauma, together with other acute stresses, constitutes the most common cause of lymphocytosis studied. The authors conclude that trauma is frequently associated with a lymphocytosis that usually changes to a lymphopenia within hours of injury.
Adolescent↗