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Biomedical subjects

D R Howard

Publications and source records attributed to D R Howard.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Nesidioblastosis in adults. A surgical dilemma.

Nesidioblastosis is the leading cause of hyperinsulinemia in newborns and infants. To our knowledge, it has not been previously reported in adults unless associated with other diseases. Three males and three females, aged 11 to 57 years, are described. Pancreatic resections ranged from 50% to 100%. Postoperatively, three patients were normoglycemic, two were insulin-dependent diabetics, and one had recurrent hypoglycemia controlled by drugs. The histologic findings in adults were very similar to those in infants with nesidioblastosis. It appears that a minimum resection of 75% to 80% of the pancreas will benefit the majority of patients, alleviating hypoglycemia and preventing the development of diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Hodgkin's disease: pathology and pathogenesis.

The pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease has been the subject of intensive investigation for nearly a century. Numerous lines of inquiry have been pursued and the resulting quantity of literature on the subject attests to the enigmatic nature of the disease. Periodically, it becomes prudent to review progress in the study of a disease such as this, in light of recent methodologic and conceptual advances. By so doing, a more integrated view of the disease process may emerge, thereby guiding future research endeavors. The present report is undertaken to explore, in depth, recent advances in the study of the pathology and pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease. Contemporary classifications, clinicopathologic and epidemiologic studies, cellular and humoral derangements, and the controversial nature of the Reed-Sternberg cell are considered.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Rabies virus titer from tissues of naturally infected skunks (Mephitis mephitis).

Rabies virus was titrated from the hippocampus and salivary glands (mandibular, parotid, and sublingual) of 19 naturally infected skunks. Selection of the skunks was based on a positive fluorescent antibody test (FAT) on the hippocampus. One FAT- and virus isolation-negative skunk served as a control. The FAT was positive on 19 mandibular salivary glands, 16 parotid glands, and 17 sublingual glands. Rabies virus was subsequently isolated in albino Swiss mice from all (ie, 19) hippocampi and mandibular salivary glands, 16 parotid glands, and 17 sublingual glands. Virus was not isolated from the FAT-negative tissues. Titers (mouse intracerebral LD50/0.03 ml) were calculated in all FAT-positive tissues by the Reed-Muench method. Rabies titers from hippocampi ranged from 10(0.7) to 10(-4.5); from mandibular salivary glands, 10(2.8) to 10(-7.2); from parotid glands, 10(0.5) to 10(-5.8); and from sublingual glands, 10(-0.3) to 10(-3.8). Results indicate that "rabies-virus inhibiting substance" did not interfere with FAT or virus isolation from tissues of naturally infected skunks.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Transplacental transmission of rabies virus from a naturally infected skunk.

A female skunk (Mephitis mephitis) was submitted to the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory for routine rabies diagnosis. Rabies infection was confirmed by fluorescent rabies antibody examination on brain tissue. Additional tissues, including uterus, ovaries, and 6 embryos, were collected to study rabies pathogenesis. The fluorescent rabies antibody examination showed rabies virus antigen in 1 embryo, the uterus, and ovaries.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Cytostructural localization of a tumor-associated antigen.

Tumor cell membrane glycoproteins may be involved in the induction of tumor immunity or in the escape of tumors from immunologic defense mechanisms. Forty-four benign and malignant breast lesions were examined for the presence of a carbohydrate precursor antigen (T antigen) of the human blood group system MN. T antigen was demonstrated by means of an immunohistochemical technique to detect tissue binding of peanut agglutinin, a plant lectin, with affinity for T antigen. Malignant breast lesions showed a pattern of T antigen expression different from that of benign breast tissues. A possible role for T antigen in the modulation of the immune response to breast carcinoma is suggested.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1980

An antitumor antibody in normal human serum: reaction of anti-T with breast carcinoma cells.

Carcinoma of the breast is now the most common malignant disease of females in Europe and North America. The most critical single factor in determining the success or failure of treatment is the extent of the disease at diagnosis. A sensitive immunoperoxidase technique was utilized to (1) detect the presence in normal human serum of antibody directed against breast carcinoma cells (anti-T antibody), and (2) determine whether this antibody could be used to discriminate between benign and malignant breast epithelium in sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. A total of 11 benign and 11 malignant breast lesions were examined for evidence of binding of human immunoglobulin, before and after application of purified anti-T antibody or normal human AB serum (containing anti-T antibody). Malignant cells showed significant binding of human immunoglobulin (anti-T); benign or normal cells did not. Clear immunohistological separation of benign and malignant breast lesions appears to be potentially feasible by this method.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

A method for distinguishing benign from malignant breast lesions utilizing antibody present in normal human sera.

A sensitive immunoperoxidase technique was utilized 1) to detect the presence in normal human serum of antibody directed against breast carcinoma cells (tumor associated antibody--TAA) and 2) to determine whether this antibody could be used to discriminate between benign and malignant breast epithelium in sections of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue. A total of 16 benign and 13 malignant breast lesions were examined for evidence of binding of human immunoglobulin, before and after application of normal human AB serum containing the putative tumor associated antibody--TAA. Malignant cells showed significant binding of human immunoglobulin (TAA); benign or normal cells did not. Clear immunohistological separation of benign and malignant breast lesions appears possible by this method.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1979

Expression of T-antigen on polyagglutinable erythrocytes and carcinoma cells: preparation of T-activated erythrocytes, anti-T lectin, anti-T absorbed human serum and purified anti-T antibody.

Recent interest has been revived in the human MN blood group system due to the discovery of the MN precursor substance (T-antigen) on certain malignant, but not benign or normal tissues. Methods for preparing T-activated erythrocytes, anti-T lectin, anti-T absorbed human serum and purified anti-T antibody are described and should be useful not only to the researcher involved in this new line of investigation, but also to the routine blood bank faced with the occasional problem of erythrocyte polyagglitinability.

ABO Blood-Group System↗
PubMed1979

Lead poisoning in Canada geese: a case report.

A case report of lead poisoning in Canada geese at Cheyenne Bottom Wildlife Management Area in Kansas is presented. Seventy-nine dead geese and 10 geese too weak too fly were found by management personnel. Clinical signs in the live geese were weakness, lethargy, anorexia, emaciation and bile stained diarrhea. Seventeen geese were necropsied. Lesions were impacted roots and fibrous stalks in the esophagus and proventriculus and numerous lead shot in the gizzard. One to 44 lead shot (mean 13) were found in the 17 gizzards examined. The concentration of lead in liver and kidney was 9.21 to 102.56 ug/g (wet weight). The presence of lead shot in the gizzard, characteristic clinical signs, and the concentration of lead in the liver and kidney confirmed the diagnosis of lead poisoning.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Cryosurgical treatment of cancerous and noncancerous diseases of dogs, horses, and cats.

Cryosurgery was used to treat a variety of cancerous and noncancerous diseases in dogs, horses, and cats. Follow-up evaluation on 52 animals revealed an overall "no recurrence" rate of 61%. Among the animals with no recurrence were 12 of 17 with cutaneous lesions and 5 of 8 (horses) with sarcoids. Seven of 10 dogs with anal fistulas healed after cryosurgery, but 2 had recurrence of the disease. Treatment of invasive neoplasms of the oral and nasal cavities was not successful. Side effects and complications were minimal.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Visual defects in white-tailed deer from Michigan six case reports.

Six cases of unrelated visual defects in free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from Michigan are described. Two were congenital, two were of infectious etiology, one from central nervous neoplasia, and one from degenerative changes in lenses of both eyes.

Animals↗