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Biomedical subjects

D R Calkins

Publications and source records attributed to D R Calkins.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Identification, characterization, and control of potential human carcinogens: a framework for Federal decision-making.

A two-stage process is proposed for a uniform framework for Federal agency decisions regarding the identification, characterization, and control of potential human carcinogens. Stage I would include the identification, through epidemiologic and/or laboratory studies, of chemicals that represent a potential carcinogenic risk and the characterization of that risk. Stage II would encompass the actual regulatory decision-making process regarding control of potential carcinogens. Stage I relies predominantly on scientific activity and judgment. Centralized management could enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of this process. The new National Toxicology Program may be able to perform this function. Stage II judgments are social and political. Centralization of stage II decision-making is not possible under current law.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Functional Status Questionnaire: reliability and validity when used in primary care.

A comprehensive functional assessment requires thorough and careful inquiry, which is difficult to accomplish in most busy clinical practices. This paper examines the reliability and validity of the Functional Status Questionnaire (FSQ), a brief, standardized, self-administered questionnaire designed to provide a comprehensive and feasible assessment of physical, psychological, social and role function in ambulatory patients. The FSQ can be completed and computer-scored in minutes to produce a one-page report which includes six summated-rating scale scores and six single-item scores. The clinician can use this report both to screen for and to monitor patients' functional status. In this study, the FSQ was administered to 497 regular users of Boston's Beth Israel Hospital's Healthcare Associates and 656 regular users of 76 internal medicine practices in Los Angeles. The data demonstrate that the FSQ produces reliable sub-scales with construct validity. The authors believe the FSQ addresses many of the problems behind the slow diffusion into primary care of systematic functional assessment.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The new medical marketplace: physicians' views.

The transformation of the medical marketplace has major implications for the physician workforce. Findings are reported here from national surveys of physicians, hospitals, health maintenance organizations (HMOs), preferred provider organizations (PPOs), and medical group practices conducted in 1995 to measure the impact of those changes. Physicians in higher HMO penetration states were more likely to report serious problems with several aspects of medical practice and patient care and were more likely to perceived oversupply in their specialty areas and changes in their practice arrangements. Some divergence is noted in views of supply between physicians and those that employ them. The majority of physicians would still recommend medicine and their specialty as a career.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗