Biomedical subjects

D Pringuey

Publications and source records attributed to D Pringuey.

46 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

[Erythrocyte membrane transport of L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan in 66 patients with depressive syndromes. Preliminary results].

The transport of Tyrosine and Tryptophan by the membrane of red blood cells has been studied in a group of 66 depressed patients (DSM-III: 27 major depressions, single episode or recurrent; 17 bipolar disorders, depressed; 22 dysthymic disorders). Anomalies were observed: tyrosine transport was decreased in the bipolar disorders and in the major depressions; tryptophan transport was increased in the major depressions and in the dysthymic disorders. These results suggest that membrane transports are disturbed in depressed syndromes, and may be related to dysfunction in the monoaminergic balance.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of carbamazepine in the treatment of endogenous psychoses. Results of an open study].

The authors report the results of an open trial which aims at specifying the clinical profile of responders to carbamazepine among a population of twenty patients aged from fifteen to seventy, suffering from endogenous, schizophrenic, affective psychoses and paranoid states according to the criteria of the ICD 9. The trial points out a proof of Kishimoto's criteria and a preferential acting of the molecule on schizo-affective psychoses and mixed affective states. The results are interpreted according to psychopathological concepts from the Vienna school that highlight the clinical profile of the responders.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Choice of antidepressive agents as a function of membrane transport (erythrocytes) of monoamine precursors (L-tyrosine and L-tryptophan)].

In a group of 66 depressed patients, the choice of the antidepressant drug was based upon the result of tyrosine and tryptophan uptake by the membrane of red blood cells. After one month of treatment, 56 subjects were improved, that is 85% of the cases. This result is discussed in comparison with the percentage of improvement described in the literature.

Antidepressive Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Circadian rhythms of the central temperature and blood cortisol in endogenous depression].

Beside neurochemical imbalances, there are numerous disruptions of circadian rhythms in endogenous depression. Recent studies have actually shown instability in rhythmicity and phase advance of many circadian rhythms in depression (central temperature, cortisol, urinary MHPG...). We have observed the longitudinal evolution of circadian rhythms (core temperature, plasma cortisol) of depressed patients who were treated by a two weeks phase-advance process, then with antidepressant drugs. Our results show that clinical improvement during phase-advance process is much faster than under tricyclics, with the same Hamilton scale level after two weeks of treatment. From a biological point of view, we show an ultradian instability, a phase advance (2 to 4 hours) and modifications of averages and amplitudes of circadian rhythms. These abnormalities tend to disappear during phase-advance process and antidepressant therapy. Phase response curves to the phase shift in depressed patients could be explained by a bad sensitivity of these subjects to external synchronisers linked to an internal dyschronism. These disturbances lead us to link desynchronisation and endogenous depression.

Antidepressive Agents↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Events in the lives of 120 chronic alcoholics. Preliminary study].

We have applied, with necessary modifications, life-events methodology, to the study of nature and temporal distribution of life-events occurring in 120 chronic alcoholics. Total number and distribution of life events undergo some variations with age, sex, ethnic group and socio-professional level in chronic alcoholics. We have specially analysed the temporal curve of life events before, during and after the year of beginning alcohol abuse. Frequency of life events dramatically rises during this year and remains abnormally high in the five following years. These data have some meaning for pathogenesis and behavioral consequences of chronic alcoholism.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[New trends on biochemical mechanism of action of benzodiazepines (author's transl)].

The benzodiazepines (BZD) are widely used in clinical practice as anxiolytics, muscle relaxants, sedatives and anticonvulsants. Electrophysiological studies have shown a specific interaction of BZD with - aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, of which they enhance the physiological effects. The discovery of saturable and stereospecific binding sites with high affinity for BZD, and their brain distribution indicates a predominantly cortical action of BZD. Furthermore, BZD receptors seem to be linked to GABA receptors--modulating their inhibitory effects--and closely connected to the chloride conductance mechanism associated to the GABA receptor. The discovery of BZD receptors suggests the existence of endogenous ligands. Inosine, hypoxanthine or nicotinamide are reported to have BZD-like activities, in spite of a relative low affinity for their binding sites. Their putative role as endogenous anxiolytics needs to be supported by behavioral studies.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Multicentre rating of a delusional patient with help of the AMDP scale].

A videotaped interview of a delusional patient was evaluated by 33 French, Swiss and Belgian raters. The inverse factor analysis of the raters and multivariate indexes demonstrate in this single case study that the interrater reliability depends on: a) the general training of the raters in psychopathology; b) their knowledge of the AMDP System; c) a comprehensive understanding of the psychopathology of the patient; d) AMDP concepts; e) the interview technique (this latter deficiency may be corrected by a semi-structured interview.

Delusions↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Social adjustment and depression: value of the SAS-SR (Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report)].

The Social Adjustment Scale Self-Report (SAS-SR) is a simple and inexpensive method, which allows the routine assessment of the patient's social adjustment, especially in the case of depression. Compared with other scales based on an interview with the patient, the SAS-SR is more sensitive to change in the patient's clinical status. The SAS-SR is a useful method as part of the detection of even mild depressions, regular aftercare evaluation of out-patients or as an outcome measure in longitudinal studies. A French version of the SAS-SR is now available and is currently under evaluation in a large-scale randomized therapeutic trial.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[7 years study of erythrocyte membrane transport of monoamine precursors. 395 patients (335 depressed, 60 schizophrenic patients)].

According to the monoaminergic hypothesis of affective and schizophrenic syndromes, a perturbation of influx of precursors of monoamines such as tyrosine (TYR) and tryptophan (TRYP) into the brain might be correlated with the clinical syndromes. The measure of blood cell membrane transports of TYR and TRYP is an interesting peripheral model for the study of these syndromes. This work concerns 395 patients (335 depressed and 60 schizophrenics); 215 of depressed patients were followed after the antidepressant therapy. The transport of TYR and TRYP into erythrocytes was measured as followed: erythrocytes were incubated in plasma for 10 min. at 0 degree and 37 degrees C with radiolabeled TYR and TRYP; facilitated diffusion was calculated by subtracting from the total amount of radioactivity taken up by the cells at 37 degrees C (total uptake) that accumulated at 0 degree C (passive diffusion). The results showed that: 1) The depressive syndromes were characterised by a decrease of facilitated diffusion of TYR, an increase of facilitated diffusion of TRYP and a decrease of the index diffusion of TYR/TRYP. 2) The means of variables were different according to the diagnostic sub-groups (DSM III). In the depressions with alcoholism, the facilitated diffusions were increased compared to depressive syndromes without others diagnosis. The depressions with dementia were in intermediate position. 3) After treatment with antidepressant drugs, the biological variables improved with the clinical improvement, without complete normalization compared to controls. The patients without clinical improvement showed no change in the biological measures. 4) Patients for whom the choice of antidepressant drug was done according to the facilitated diffusions showed a 87% rate of clinical improvement, while this rate was 60% in the other patients. 5) In schizophrenic patients, the biological variables were different than in depressed or normal controls and showed a little decrease of facilitated diffusion of TYR, a marked decrease of diffusion of TRYP and an increased index of diffusion TYR/TRYP.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Plasma tryptophan in a protein controlled diet in depressed patients].

Cerebral serotonin is synthetized from its blood precursor: tryptophan (TRP), an essential amino acid (6). TRP has been extensively studied since serotonine has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of depression (9). In one hand, brain serotonin content depends on regulation by plasma large neutral amino acids (LNAA): leucine, isoleucine, valine, tyrosine and phenylalanine that compete with TRP to cross over the blood brain barrier (7, 13). In the other hand TRP is largely linked with albumin. So, we have studied plasma total TRP, free TRP and the ratio TRP on LNAA as potential cerebral serotonin index. The aim of this study is to observe the blood variations of the biological parameters in fasting and postprandial conditions in 8 depressed women, aged from 57 to 78 years, on a short protein controlled diet: 4 women had TRP poor then rich diet and the others 4 rich then poor. Alimentary proteins modulated diets and each patient was his own control: the results under modulated diet were compared with those under normal diet at the same time. More over, 2 psychotic patients aged 58 and 70 years have been studied at the same time, in each group. Biological datas were compared with clinical evolution.

Aged↗