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Biomedical subjects

D Price

Publications and source records attributed to D Price.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Grating and recognition acuities of young amblyopes.

The visual acuities of 36 young amblyopes were determined by (a) conventional recognition tests (near and distance) and (b) an adapted grating acuity card procedure. Considerable agreement between the estimates of acuity obtained with each method was demonstrated, which was generally less than, or equal to, the mean difference between adjacent Snellen lines (4.5 c deg-1). Estimates of grating acuity obtained with vertical gratings did not differ significantly from those obtained with horizontal gratings. There was no difference between the subjects' ability to detect the grating (acuity) and accurately to discriminate target orientation (horizontal or vertical). The results of the experiment are discussed in relation to previous findings of a discrepancy between grating and recognition acuities in amblyopia, and the clinical use of the acuity card procedure.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1987

Low-dose phenobarbitone as an indicator of compliance with drug therapy.

1 To assess the potential value of low-dose phenobarbitone (PB) as a marker of compliance we studied the relationship between plasma level of PB and dose (2-16 mg daily) following 3 or 4 weeks treatment in healthy volunteers (n = 26) and in-patient volunteers (n = 7). 2 Also, to simulate poor compliance, PB levels were measured in some volunteers following alternate-day (n = 6) or short-term (n = 5) treatment with similar doses. These levels, expressed as the level: dose ratios (LDRs), did not overlap with those obtained following 3 or 4 weeks of daily PB intake. 3 To evaluate the efficacy of this marker in patients taking other drugs we gave a group of out-patients (n = 24) compound tablets containing B vitamins and a small dose (16 mg) of PB; their compliance over 2-5 weeks was assessed both by measuring plasma levels of PB and residual tablet counting. 4 In the latter study, as well as providing absolute evidence of good compliance by many patients, the plasma levels of PB proved particularly valuable when non-compliant individuals 'forgot' to bring their residual tablets. 5 We suggest that phenobarbitone, in doses low enough to be non-sedative and non-enzyme inducing, is potentially useful as a pharmacological indicator of compliance with drug therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Association of adverse perinatal events with an empty sella turcica in children with growth hormone deficiency.

High-resolution computed tomography (HR-CT) of the hypothalamo-pituitary region was performed in 26 consecutive children presenting with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) at one clinic. 58% had an empty sella turcica (ES) and 42% a full sella turcica (FS). There was no difference between the ES and FS groups for mean (+/- 95% confidence limits) presentation age (ES 6.7 (+/- 1.8) years, FS 5.6 (+/- 2.2) years), height standard deviation score (SDS) (ES -3.9 (+/- 0.8), FS -3.3 (+/- 0.5] nor head circumference SDS (ES -1.9 (+/- 1.1), FS -0.7 (+/- 1.1]. There were significant associations between the ES group and a history of adverse perinatal events (p less than 0.001) and multiple pituitary deficiency (p = 0.014). Growth hormone response to an acute growth hormone releasing factor test showed no association with HR-CT diagnosis. Sella turcica volumes were calculated from the HR-CT scans. All sella volumes were small; mean SDS for height was -2.6 (+/- 0.2). There was no difference in sella volume SDS between the ES and FS groups (ES -2.9 (+/- 0.3), FS -2.5 (+/- 0.4]. Adverse perinatal events may cause an ES and GHD by compromising the blood supply to the pituitary gland or infundibulum.

Birth Injuries↗
PubMed1986

Doctors' unawareness of the drugs their patients are taking: a major cause of overprescribing?

We studied the accuracy of both hospital and general practitioners' records of current drug treatment in consecutive patients who attended a general medical review clinic. Either the hospital or the general practitioner's records (obtained in a questionnaire), or both, were inaccurate for over 70% of 59 patients interviewed with their medicine. Most of the errors were due to patients taking drugs in addition to those shown in their records. Some of these were inappropriate, and many seemed unnecessary. It appears that neither hospital doctors nor general practitioners are fully aware which drugs their patients are taking, and this may contribute to overprescribing. We believe that considerable financial savings might be made if patients brought all their medicines to every consultation.

Awareness↗
PubMed1986

The bodystuffer syndrome: a clandestine form of drug overdose.

The case histories of five people who ingested drugs in an attempt to conceal illegal substances when they were confronted by police are reported. They presented to an emergency department in various clinical states ranging from asymptomatic to comatose. This syndrome has been called "bodystuffing" by the authors, who differentiate it from "bodypacking," which is the ingestion of drugs for the purpose of smuggling. Bodystuffers may ingest one or more drugs, usually deny the ingestion, and are often not discovered until symptoms develop. Bodystuffers tend to be known drug dealers and are often drug abusers themselves. The ingestion is often unsuspected by authorities, but the act may also be witnessed but regarded as trivial. A common scenario is that of a person who is in an asymptomatic state when arrested and is later found comatose in jail. A variant of the syndrome is the ingestion of drugs to produce a medical condition that could defer incarceration.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Recognition and management of antidepressant overdoses: tricyclics and trazodone.

Serious overdoses associated with tricyclic and tetracyclic antidepressants are frequently lethal. Problems associated with tricyclic antidepressant overdoses are usually the result of an acute or an acute-on-chronic overdosage. The patient who overdoses on tricyclic antidepressants may die, despite every medical effort to save him. An overdose of trazodone significantly differs from an overdose of a tricyclic antidepressant. The currently available clinical data indicate that coma and hypotension are the main concerns with trazodone overdose, and heretofore have been successfully treated with lavage, fluid therapy, and observation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Outpatient management of acute and chronic poisoning.

Approximately 70 per cent of all poisonings reported to poison control centers will be referred after home or hospital management to the primary care physician. When a patient presents to the physician's office following a poisoning, the care provider must know when hospitalization is needed, what equipment should be available, and where information about the toxin can be obtained.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1985

Horseradish peroxidase cross-reacts during cytochrome oxidase histochemistry.

Injections of horseradish peroxidase conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP) were made into the cortex of kittens. When cytochrome oxidase histochemistry was performed on sections taken through the injection sites staining of the WGA-HRP deposits occurred, demonstrating that WGA-HRP can cross-react during processing for cytochrome oxidase.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Detection of abdominal aortic graft infection: comparison of CT and in-labeled white blood cell scans.

Aortic graft infections are a rare but potentially lethal complication of aortic graft surgery. If the infection is limited to the groin, local therapy and preservation of the graft may be possible in some cases, whereas infections extending into the retroperitoneum require removal of the graft and revascularization of the lower limbs. The diagnosis and assessment of the extent of a graft infection is difficult on clinical grounds. A prospective study compared CT and indium-labeled white blood cell (In-WBC) scans in the diagnosis of aortic graft infection. Five patients with aortic graft infection and three patients without aortic graft infection were studied by both methods. CT correctly detected the retroperitoneal extension of the infection in three patients with groin infection; In-WBC scans diagnosed the extension only in one patient. Both CT and In-WBC were positive in two patients with aortic graft infection but no groin infection. Both studies were negative in the three patients without evidence of aortic graft infection. The study suggests that CT is more sensitive than In-WBC in evaluating the extent of aortic graft infection and should be the imaging method of choice.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1984

Neurotransmitter specific alterations in dementing disorders: insights from animal models.

Recent years have witnessed considerable change in the conceptualization of the pathophysiology of the cognitive impairments in dementing disorders, as a result of synaptic neurochemical analyses. Profound reductions in the forebrain cholinergic projections occur in Alzheimer's disease. In GM1 gangliosidosis, variable alterations in neurotransmitter related processes that are located in synaptic membranes have been described. Exploitation of animal models of human disorders resulting in dementia may further clarify the dynamic alterations in the biochemical processes required for effective neurotransmission in cortex.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1984

Importance of the lower respiratory tract in oxygen transfer. Exercise testing in patients with interstitial and destructive lung disease.

Evaluation of the gas exchange responses to steady state treadmill exercise of 176 patients with chronic disorders of the lower respiratory tract demonstrated that alveolar disease significantly affects O2 transfer with little effect on CO2 transfer. At exercise levels requiring oxygen delivery 2- to 3-fold above resting levels, patients with interstitial lung disease [idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), sarcoidosis, histiocytosis-X (HX)] and "pure" destructive lung disease [alpha l-antitrypsin (alpha IAT) deficiency] demonstrated no ventilation or cardiac limitation, but all exhibited marked reductions in O2 transfer. Strikingly, although resting values of PaO2 were normal or mildly reduced, the average estimated PaO2 at a VO2 of 1 L/min was 47 mmHg in IPF, 65 mmHg in sarcoid, 54 mmHg in HX, and 41 mmHg in alpha IAT deficiency. Comparison of resting and exercise parameters revealed that: (1) exercise studies can uncover alveolar dysfunction in the presence of normal resting parameters, and (2) resting parameters cannot predict the magnitude of O2 related abnormalities induced by exercise. These observations suggest that exercise testing is a useful clinical tool in detecting alveolar disease and gauging the magnitude of abnormalities of O2 transfer.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease.

Clinical criteria for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease include insidious onset and progressive impairment of memory and other cognitive functions. There are no motor, sensory, or coordination deficits early in the disease. The diagnosis cannot be determined by laboratory tests. These tests are important primarily in identifying other possible causes of dementia that must be excluded before the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease may be made with confidence. Neuropsychological tests provide confirmatory evidence of the diagnosis of dementia and help to assess the course and response to therapy. The criteria proposed are intended to serve as a guide for the diagnosis of probable, possible, and definite Alzheimer's disease; these criteria will be revised as more definitive information become available.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1983

Medical consequences of the New Mexico State Penitentiary riot.

On February 2, 1980, a riot broke out among the 1,157 inmates at the New Mexico State Penitentiary and 139 people were injured. Of these, 33 died. Survivors had a variety of problems resulting from blunt or penetrating trauma, acute intoxication with drugs, or smoke inhalation. Fourteen percent of the casualties arrived at local hospitals in serious or critical condition. A study of the injury patterns revealed a significant difference (P less than .001) in the incidence of severe head trauma in those who had died compared to those who survived. Most of the seriously or critically ill survivors suffered from acute poisoning or from penetrating wounds.

Burns, Inhalation↗
PubMed1983

Pulmonary involvement in angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy.

Two patients are described who complained of dyspnoea and systemic symptoms. They were found to have angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with extensive pulmonary involvement. In both cases, high dose corticosteroid therapy led to relief of symptoms and clearing of the diffuse radiographic shadowing seen in both lung fields.

Aged↗