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Biomedical subjects

D Peyramond

Publications and source records attributed to D Peyramond.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Importance of antiproteases in the treatment of microsporidia and/or cryptosporidia infections in HIV-seropositive patients].

Diarrhea due to infection with Microsporidium (M) or Cryptosporidium (C) raises significant therapeutic challenges in HIV-infected patients. The usefulness of protease inhibitor therapy was evaluated in 20 HIV-positive patients with positive tests for M and/or C. There were 17 men and three women with a mean age of 42.5 years (range, 26-64 years). Two patients had category B disease and 18 category C disease according to the 1993 CDC classification scheme (CD4 count before therapy, 72/mm3; mean viral burden, 4.6 log). Seventeen patients had chronic diarrhea (due to M in 12 cases and to C in five), and the remaining three patients were asymptomatic M carriers. Clinical symptoms resolved after addition to the antiretroviral regimen of indinavir (n = 17) or saquinavir (n = 3). Mean weight gain was 10.5 kg. Karnofsky's index improved. Twelve patients, including one of the three who were asymptomatic at baseline, had negative follow-up stool cultures. The mean CD4 count increase was 125/mm3, and the mean viral burden decrease was 1.285 log. These data suggest that protease inhibitors may be capable of eradicating M and/or C infection refractory to other treatments. The reason for this effect may involve partial restoration of immune function due to inhibition of HIV replication.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

[Actinomyces meyeri disseminated actinomycosis disclosing pulmonary carcinoma].

The diagnosis of severe actinomycosis parallel to that of neoplasia leads to speculation of a possible fortuitous association. Because underlying conditions such as immuno-suppression are suspected in such disease, and to strengthen this hypothesis, we report one more case of disseminated actinomycosis associated with a malignant disease, namely an epidermoid pulmonary carcinoma. The diagnosis was made by thoracotomy a few months after the infectious episode. Two years later the patient recovered. The analysis of the literature data is in favor of a fortuitous association between both diagnoses.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1997

Rapid detection of Pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: use of a simple DNA extraction procedure and nested PCR.

We report on the development of a rapid nested PCR protocol for the detection of Pneumocystis carinii DNA in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens in which the protocol included the use of a commercially available DNA extraction kit (GeneReleaser). GeneReleaser enabled us to obtain amplification-ready DNA within 20 min without requiring the purification of the DNA. The nested PCR was performed with the primers pAZ102-E, pAZ102-H, and pAZ102-L2 (A. E. Wakefield, F. J. Pixley, S. Banerji, K. Sinclair, R. F. Miller, E. R. Moxon, and J. M. Hopkin, Lancet 336:451-453, 1990.). Results were obtained in about 4 h with the adoption of denaturation, annealing, and extension steps shortened to 20 seconds. The sensitivity of the nested PCR was tested with a P. carinii cyst suspension and was found to be less than one cyst (one to eight nuclei). The detection limit was the same with the use of GeneReleaser or proteinase K-phenol chloroform for DNA extraction. The nested PCR assay was prospectively compared with staining with Giemsa and methenamine silver stains for the detection of P. carinii in 127 BAL samples from 105 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients investigated for acute respiratory illness. Twenty-five BAL specimens (20%) were positive by staining and the nested PCR and 25 (20%) were negative by staining and positive by the nested PCR. These 25 BAL specimens with conflicting results were obtained from 23 patients, 82% of whom were receiving prophylactic therapy against P. carinii pneumonia (PCP). Only two patients were diagnosed with possible PCP. The final diagnosis was not PCP for 20 patients who were considered to be colonized or to have a low level of infection. This colonization is not of clinical importance but is of epidemiological importance. Our rapid, simple, and sensitive amplification protocol may be performed in clinical laboratories for the routine diagnosis of PCP with BAL specimens.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1997

[Macrolides: indications in 1997].

A GROWING CLASS OF ANTIBIOTICS: Since the discovery of erythromycin, teh prototype macrolide, this class of antibiotics has grown considerably. Roxithromycin, a semi-synthetic erythromycin derivative, has an improved absorbability, tolerability and stability profile. WIDE INDICATIONS: Current indications for these new compounds for respiratory tract infections are presented and discussed in terms of the most recent consensus conferences. NEW TRENDS: All current indications (expecting the respiratory tract) are discussed in light of current perspectives for this family of antibiotics. Growing interest in new bacterial species such as Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, Helicobacter pylori as well as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae contribute to new trends in antibiotics prescription.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1997

[Diagnosis of delayed type hypersensitivity to Candida albicans. Evaluation of lymphocyte activation by flow cytometry (171 observations)].

Abnormal delayed-type hypersensitivy to Candida albicans, since it results in an excessive reaction of the immune system, is very difficult to diagnose. This study shows that the syndromic reaction observed after intradermal injection of an extract of Candida albicans, in patients suspected of abnormal delayed-type hypersensitivy to this antigen, is associated with the presence of specific circulating T cells, detectable through cell culture in the presence of Candida albicans. There is a very significant correlation between the clinical symptoms, the cutaneous tests, and the lymphocyte activation tests. This abnormal reactivity essentially involves the CD8 cells.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1997

[Diagnostic contribution of abnormal delayed-type hypersensitivity to Candida albicans. Characterization test by activation of cells sensitized to successive dilutions of Candida].

By measuring the activation of different cell models (lymphocytes and lymphocytic subsets) in the presence of Candida albicans with flow cytometry reading, it is possible to show that successive dilutions of Candida albicans can lead to lymphocyte activation in abnormally-sensitized subjects. In a first trial, 10 subjects were tested in duplicate. The decrease of activity of the dilutions does not appear to be regular in relation to the progression of the dilutions. The activity of the dilutions wanes relatively rapidly with the first dilutions, then recurs later very distinctly, at the 6th dilution, then ebbs, then reappears in similar manner at the 9th, the 14th, and finally, the 19th dilution. Cell reactivity appears to differ depending on the subject. It can be represented through the calculated slope of the regression line, for each series of data. It therefore appears feasible to determine a threshold of reactivity and a scale of sensitivity, to make it possible to specify the degree of abnormal reactivity existing at a given time for a given subject. The constancy of the activity of the different dilutions tested, on 10 cultures of a single cell suspension, is especially well demonstrated in the second trial, showing unusually small standard deviations. Thus, the question arises as to the exact nature of the observed phenomenon and of its analysis from a physical-chemical point of view, with regard to the pharmacological effect of successive dilutions of Candida albicans.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Recurrent bilateral anterior uveitis with hypopyon and rifabutin therapy.

Rifabutin is used in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection to prevent and treat Mycobacterium avium complex infection. We report a case of recurrent bilateral anterior uveitis with hypopyon in a patient who was taking 600 mg of rifabutin daily. The rate of recurrence with the continuation of rifabutin seems to be high, especially in the opposite eye (alternate uveitis with hypopyon); rifabutin should be discontinued if uveitis recurs.

Adult↗