Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Pelletier.
The rapid development of health care technology particularly the so-called 'high tech' innovations is having a significant impact upon the Australian health care system. The technological changes are occurring in a climate of economic constraints and are having notable effects on clinical nursing practice. Implications for clinicians, academics and managers are outlined.
Social problem-solving skills of aggressive-rejected children are usually assessed through hypothetical situations in a neutral setting where little or no reference is made to the emotional aspects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the social problem-solving skills of 57 aggressive-rejected (Group 1) and 57 prosocial-popular (Group 2) children of both sexes in Grades 1 and 2 by using as problem situations what happened in standardized provocations involving them with a trained peer-accomplice. An individual interview, aimed at disclosing emotions felt during the provocations, intentions attributed to the accomplice and possible reactions if confronted again with the same provocations, was conducted immediately after the session for half the subjects of each group. The other subjects were interviewed after a 10-min. delay. Analysis showed that Group 1 subjects would be less verbally assertive than Group 2 subjects if confronted again with the same provocations. The first graders from Group 1 also attributed fewer positive intents to the author of the provocations than Group 2 classmates. Second graders of both groups attributed more negative and fewer positive intents to the peer-accomplice when the interview immediately followed the provocations than when it was delayed. Similarly, second grade boys interviewed right away were more prone to use physical and verbal retaliation if the provocations were to happen again. These results highlight the influence of emotions on the social reasoning skills of aggressive-rejected and nonaggressive-nonrejected children.
The transfer of basic nursing education from the hospital to the tertiary education sector provided unique opportunities for research. This study examined student perceptions of the functions in which they believed nurses were involved in the performance of their role. The entry perceptions of students over three years were examined, during which time perceptions of nursing functions did vary. Two student groups were monitored throughout the three years of the nursing program. It was found that perceptions of nursing functions varied according to curriculum content and exposure to a variety of health and illness experiences as well as role models.
The proliferation of technology in the health care system has led to a profusion of terms that can firstly, be confusing and secondly, narrow the true dimension of technology and its potential for impact on those involved. This paper clarifies the terminology and outlines aspects of the social belief system which help to shape how technology is utilised, perceived, received and evaluated. Implications for participants are outlined.
We performed surgery according to the measurements found with the prism adaptation test (PAT) in 14 patients with acquired esodeviations. The amount of deviation, as determined with the prism cover test, ranged from 3 to 30 (mean 13.4) prism dioptres (PD) at distance. Prism-adapted deviations ranged from 31 to 57 (mean 41.2) PD. The average recession of the medial rectus was 4.8 mm, and the average resection of the lateral rectus was 6.7 mm. The mean esodeviation at distance after surgery was 6.8 PD. Our results suggest that the PAT may be useful and perhaps indispensable in the preoperative assessment of patients with certain types of acquired esodeviation.
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A representative sample of emergency food relief (EFR) programs was selected on the basis of a census of 1,488 EFR programs in New York State. The census was a two-stage telephone survey. EFR was provided in every county although there was considerable variation in the amount of EFR per county. The soup kitchen and food pantry components of EFR had to be differentiated. The surveillance system was operational one year after the census began.
Autologous transfusions of 111indium-labelled peripheral blood lymphocytes reportedly image the pancreas of patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes at the time of onset. We attempted to apply this technique to the spontaneously diabetic BB/W rat. First, acutely diabetic BB/W rats, diabetes-prone BB/W rats, diabetes-resistant W-line BB/W rats, and Wistar Furth rats were given autologous transfusions of labelled peripheral blood lymphocytes. Radioactivity recovered from the pancreas was similar in all groups. No correlation was found between the intensity of imaging and the presence or intensity of insulitis. To decrease non-specific intravascular radioactivity, acutely diabetic, diabetes-prone, and W-line rats were perfused 48 h after autologous transfusion of labelled lymphocytes. Again, the intensity of recovered activity was similar in all groups, using both macroautoradiography and numerical counting techniques. A second set of experiments studied diabetes and insulitis induced by passive transfer of concanavalin A-treated splenic lymphocytes from acutely diabetic donors. Activated lymphocytes were labelled with 111Indium and given to groups of diabetes-prone and diabetes-resistant rats. There were no differences in pancreatic localization 72-96 h after injection. Groups of diabetes-prone and diabetes-resistant rats were also given concanavalin A-activated lymphocytes and then challenged 2-10 days later with autologous transfusions of labelled peripheral blood lymphocytes. Again, no differences in organ labelling or imaging were detected. We conclude that the autologous transfusions of 111indium-labelled lymphocytes do not label or image the pancreas of the BB/W rat.
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The BB rat develops a syndrome of autoimmune diabetes similar to Type I diabetes of man. It also has a severe T cell lymphopenia. As part of an ongoing breeding program to transfer the diabetogenic genes of the BB rat onto inbred rat strain backgrounds, diabetic animals were used in a backcross (BC)- intercross (IC)-backcross breeding scheme with Brown Norway (BN), Lewis (L), and Wistar-Furth (WF) inbred rats. We have used monoclonal antibodies to analyze both lymphopenia and major histocompatibility (MHC) antigens (the RT1 locus in the rat) in relation to the development of diabetes. To examine T cell subsets we used a panel of monoclonal antibodies, in particular W3/25 and OX19 , which discriminate the abnormal phenotype better than W3/13. In our breeding program, at least two independent genes or gene complexes are required for the expression of diabetes. One gene determines the lymphopenia, is inherited by simple autosomal recessive genetics and is not linked to the MHC. The second gene is linked to the MHC. Both genes are necessary, but neither gene is sufficient by itself for the development of diabetes.
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Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of using citizen politics as a framework for empowering citizens to build a community food security agenda. DESIGN: A critical perspective, case study design, and multiple qualitative methods were used. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Forty-four participants were purposefully recruited to participate in a community-based planning process called a search conference (SC). Seven additional disenfranchised stakeholders who did not attend the SC were also recruited to participate. PHENOMENON OF INTEREST: To assess how power influenced agenda setting and to determine the extent to which disenfranchised stakeholders' most salient interests were incorporated into the final SC action agendas. ANALYSIS: The constant comparison method, content analysis, and consensus were used to produce the final analysis. RESULTS: Power influenced agenda setting by managing knowledge, problem framing, trust, and consent. Two of seven of disenfranchised stakeholders' most salient interests, including need for adequate food preparation skills and increased availability of locally produced foods, were incorporated into the final SC action agendas. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Citizen politics can be used to build a community food security agenda on issues that are not at odds with stakeholders in positions of power. To bring about change on issues in which power differences between groups are substantial, additional theoretical frameworks and public policy-making models are needed.
Four adult cats (two testing positive and two negative for feline leukemia virus FeLV) were fed Toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts collected from the brains of mice. Two control cats (1 FeLV+, 1 FeLV-) were not fed cysts. The cats infected with T. gondii shed thousands of oocysts but remained clinically and physically normal, with hemograms and clinical chemistry values essentially unchanged irrespective of their FeLV status. Infection with FeLV did not increase the duration of oocyst shedding. At necropsy no significant lesions were found. T. gondii antibodies were detected by three serologic tests in the cats fed tissue cysts. The time necessary for an antibody response to T. gondii was not altered by the FeLV infection. Indirect hemagglutination (IHA) was the least reliable of the serologic tests studied; it detected antibodies later in the infection, and titers were less than in the other tests. Latex agglutination (LA) detected antibodies a few days before IHA, but titers were less than in modified direct agglutination (MAT). MAT detected antibodies earliest in the infection and also measured antibodies in aqueous humor and cerebrospinal fluid.
BACKGROUND: In this study, we evaluated the in vitro bone marrow toxicity of two lipid emulsions containing either long-chain triglycerides (LCT) or a mixture of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) and LCT. METHODS: Bone marrow cells were obtained from six healthy subjects and were cultured for 14 days after a 24-hour preincubation with various concentrations (from 0 to 10 mg/mL) of LCT- and LCT/MCT-based lipid emulsions. RESULTS: Compared with controls (no preincubation with lipid emulsion), both lipid emulsions significantly inhibited by 50% to 70% colony formation of all the human bone marrow cells cultured from a triglyceride concentration of 0.5 mg/mL (p < .05). Erythroid burst-forming unit (BFU-E) formation was significantly more inhibited with LCT/MCT emulsion than with LCT emulsion (p < .05). The inhibition of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (GM-CFU) and mixed granulocyte-erythrocyte-monocyte-megakaryocyte colony-forming unit (GEMM-CFU) formation did not significantly differ with the two emulsions. CONCLUSIONS: Both LCT- and LCT/MCT-based lipid emulsions strongly inhibit colony formation by human bone marrow cells. BFU-E colony formation is more sensitive to LCT/MCT inhibition than to LCT.
An epidemiologic study of the incidence and recurrence of tennis elbow among over 500 tennis players (278 men, 254 women; age range, 20 to 50 years) indicated that age and amount of playing time per day were contributing factors to the injury. Both incidence and recurrence rates increased with age. An interactive effect of playing time and age was observed with increased playing time associated with higher incidence at younger ages. Larger grip size was also associated with higher incidence in the older group. These findings were interpreted as being consistent with the hypothesis that tennis elbow is a degenerative disease, the onset of which is hastened by overuse of the arm and elbow. Changes in stroke technique and types of racket were successful in preventing recurrence. Least successful was the forearm brace.