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Biomedical subjects

D Pellerin

Publications and source records attributed to D Pellerin.

At least 181 records · Page 10Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Segmental colonic transit time.

Mean segmental transit time of radiopaque markers through the right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid areas of adults and children has been calculated form their distribution on consecutive plain films of the abdomen. Overall mean transit does not differ significantly in the large bowel between adults and children. However, there are regional differences within the colon in relation to age. Mean transit time in the right colon is 13.8 hours in adults and 7.7 in children (p less than 0.01). Corresponding values in the left colon are 14.1 and 8.7 hours (p less than 0.02) and, in the rectum, 11 and 12.4 hours (p = NS). The percentage of the mean total large bowel transit time spent in the right colon, left colon and rectosigmoid area are respectively for adults and children 33 +/- 4 and 28 +/- 3 per cent (p = NS); 39 +/- 4 and 32 +/- 4 per cent (p = NS); and 28 +/- 4 and 41 +/- 4 per cent (p less than 0.05), indicating a relative stagnation in the rectosigmoid area of children. These physiologic differences may have implications in diseased states.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Longitudinal component of gastric motility: its relationship to peristaltic velocity and contractility. Cineradiographic study in man].

The aim of this study was to further characterize the gastric longitudinal motility and its relationship between the peristaltic velocity and contractility. Twelve healthy volunteers (six made sport S and six were sedentary NS; moy +/- DS; 24 +/- 2.4 years; 172 +/- 3.9 cm; 65.8 +/- 3.4 kg; n = 12) were involved and ingested 5 hours after a standard meal, 250 ml of barium sulfate suspension. A serial of 15 fluoroscopic plates (size 10 x 10 cm) was taken in 30 seconds. For each subject, the longitudinal variation delta L (cm) of gastric shape, the mean velocity V (mm/s) of gastric peristalsis and the intensity AM (p 100) of contractile wave were measured with a digitalized table connected to a computer. Compared to NS group, the S group showed significative enhanced values of the dynamic parameters (delta L: 2.9 +/- 0.4 vs 1.8 +/- 0.2 cm; V: 2.8 +/- 0.2 vs 2.3 +/- 0.2 mm/s; AM: 55.8 +/- 5.3 vs 48.3 +/- 2.8 p 100; moy +/- DS). Faster rhythms were observed in the diagram of longitudinal motility, with or without the well known gastric frequency 3 c/min. This study allows to point out longitudinal changes of the gastric shape and shows a pattern of significant augmented gastric motility. In fact, it is necessary to consider the stomach in a biomechanical system with the diaphragm and the abdominal wall. This system influenced by exercise might be studied intensively with our dynamic parameters associated with respiratory and abdominal data.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Congenital soft tissue dysplasias: a morphological and biochemical study.

The term congenital soft tissue dysplasias (CSTDs) regroups some localized malformations of covering soft tissues in children, presenting as various clinical entities, either recognized as particular syndromes (e.g., Parkes-Weber, Klippel-Trenaunay, Proteus) or, most often, appearing less stereotyped (e.g., segmental hypertrophy or gigantism, lymphedema, angiodysplasia, phakomatosis), with a common histopathological lesion, the hamartoma. The aim of this paper is to report a morphological and biochemical study of the extracellular matrix of skin and subcutaneous tissue in children with CSTD. For every patient, pathological tissues were compared with contralateral, symmetrical tissues, taken as controls. In all CSTDs, pathological samples were characterized by an increase in water and total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content with a decrease in collagen content. Other results lead the authors to distinguish two main entities, segmental dysplasia (SeD) and neuroectodermal dysplasia (NeD). Elastic fiber content was increased in SeD and decreased in NeD. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and dermatan sulfate (DS) were increased in NeD, whereas in SeD, HA was decreased with an increase in the DS/HA ratio. Cultured fibroblasts from dysplastic skin had slower proliferation in vitro than fibroblasts from control skin, whereas their biosynthetic activity concerning collagen and GAGs was greater. The difference in the composition of extracellular matrix supports the clinical classification of CSTDs in two main groups: segmental dysplasia with or without gigantism and neuroectodermal dysplasia (in von Recklinghausen's disease and nevi).

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hirschsprung disease].

From fourty years new knowledges about Hirschsprung's disease have dramatically transformed classical concepts of congenital megacolon. The author emphasizes successive steps of knowledges from his personal experience of 500 patients observed at Pediatric Surgical Department, Hôpital des Enfants Malades, Paris, and his own contribution at several research programs on this topic. They concern Radiology, Manometry, Histochimy, Immunocytochimy. Using technics of molecular biology, recent progress in knowledge of neural crest cells migration towards myenteric plexus, light etiopathogenesis of the disease. Several pathological associations suggest the genetic origin of the neuro transducers defect. Whatever be the scientific interest of it, clinical lethal risk of early enterocolitis remains a daily evidence. Simple routine precocious deflation of colonic hyperpression is still the most important message to be stressed.

Hirschsprung Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Extensive small intestinal resection in newborn infants].

This retrospective study analyzes the management of 83 infants who had undergone extensive small bowel resection as newborns between 1970 and 1987. Resection was performed for atresia (n = 34), volvulus (n = 21), laparoschisis (n = 10), vascular enteropathy (n = 10) and other disorders in 8 cases. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (33 children) has less than 40 cm and Group II (50 children) 40-80 cm of residual small bowel respectively. Survival depended on the length of residual small bowel (Group I: 63.6%, Group II: 92%) and on their date of birth (born before 1980: 65%, after 1980: 95%). The time required for acquisition of intestinal autonomy depended on the intestinal length (average time, 29.5 months for Group I and 14 months for Group II) and especially on the presence of the ileocecal valve. The residual ileal and/or colon length also influenced adaptation. Artificial parenteral and/or enteral nutrition ensured normal height/weight increases. Home parenteral nutrition allowed children to be returned to their families during intestinal adaptation.

Body Weight↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Surgery of congenital malformations: ethics and economics].

The author summaries the severity of various congenital malformations based on his experience of 30 years of pediatric surgery. Emphasis is placed on the progress that has been made in the treatment of certain anomalies which, up until recently, were considered beyond surgical management. Most advances of diagnosis in utero and changing social attitudes of such malformations have dramatically modified their acceptance. More recently, however, economic factors must be considered because of rising costs. Public service physicians must become aware of these problems. However the decision of whether or not to treat a malformation based solely on its cost-effectiveness should not rest only on their shoulders. This responsibility is to be shown by Society as a whole. The physician, however, should constantly strive to improve the quality of life that will result from the means put at his disposal.

Congenital Abnormalities↗