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Biomedical subjects

D Pavesio

Publications and source records attributed to D Pavesio.

67 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Rational basis of modern therapy of bacterial meningitis. Review of the literature and our clinical experience of 122 pediatric cases.

In recent years the treatment of bacterial meningitis has been modified on the basis of a better understanding of its physiopathological mechanisms. It has been shown, for example, that the inflammatory reaction is the primary cause of brain damage in bacterial meningitis. Inflammation and consequent brain damage are greatest in the first hours of antibiotic treatment when rapid and massive bacteriolysis takes place. In effect, the bacterial components activate metabolic pathways and cellular elements leading to the release of inflammation mediators: cytokines (TNF, IL-I) neutrophil degranulation products, complement components and clotting factors. Initially these substances make the blood-fluid and blood-brain barriers permeable. The result is cerebral oedema, excessive fluid pressure, congestion of the cerebral blood vessels and finally endocranial hypertension, reduced cerebral flow, cerebral hypoxia and brain damage. This sequence of events can be stopped by a multifactorial therapy that is not only aetiological (antibiotic) but also treats the inflammation, oedema (Dexamethasone, Mannitol) and symptoms. In this study 129 patients with non-tubercular bacterial meningitis were treated as described. All patients were administered Ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg per diem) Dexamethasone (0.2-0.3 mg/kg/per diem), Mannitol, fluid restriction and--where necessary--intensive symptomatic therapy (against shock, convulsions, fever). Both the antibiotic and the corticosteroid were also administered intrathecally at the time of the first lumbar puncture at intake. Of these 129 patients, 7 died very soon after admission as they had arrived in a moribund condition. Duration of therapy was 3-6 days in 90% of these cases. There were no recurrences.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid suspension for children in the treatment of bronchopulmonary infections].

The present study has been tested on 30 children, 14 males and 16 females, average age 4.11 +/- 0.44 (range 9 months to 10 years), weight of 17.08 +/- 1.25 Kg, with infections concerning low respiratory tract (8 cases of broncho-pneumonia, 9 cases of acute bronchitis and 13 cases of lobar pneumonia). It has been used a chemotherapy composed of amoxycillin and clavulanic acid in pediatric suspension of 312.5 mg/5 ml (in the ratio of 4 to 1); the daily dosage, related to the children's weight has been of 43.91 +/- 1.21 mg/Kg in two daily doses. On the average the therapy has lasted for 6.43 +/- 0.19 days from a minimum of 4 to a maximum of 8 days. During the treatment the symptomatologic parameters (dyspnoea, cough), and the objective ones (pathological lung signs, rales, hypophonesis, bronchial breath...) have progressively improved till they have disappeared; morning and evening body temperature has promptly returned to normal. Both the physical and radiological exams of the chest confirm either the improvement or the regression of the infection in most of the cases. Side effects due to the antibiotic have not been registered and local and general tolerability was excellent. Considering the more or less fast and complete symptomatological regression, the evolution of the infective clinical picture and the tolerability, the final evaluations have been: excellent efficacy in 13 cases, good efficacy in 9 cases, fairly good in 5 cases and poor in 3 cases.

Amoxicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of the efficacy of oral cromolyn sodium or an oligoantigenic diet in children with atopic dermatitis: a multicenter study of 1085 patients.

One thousand eighty-five children with atopic dermatitis were enrolled in a multicenter study to evaluate the efficacy of 4 weeks of oral sodium cromoglycate or 4 weeks of a restricted diet. One thousand-eleven children (93%) concluded the study. At the end of the trial there was a significant improvement in skin lesions in the two groups: 61% of the patients in the sodium cromoglycate group and 69% in the restricted diet showed a significant improvement in atopic dermatitis. We concluded that, at least in our experimental design, both sodium cromoglycate and a restricted diet are equally effective in atopic dermatitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sudden infant death].

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Diseases in Twins↗