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Biomedical subjects

D Pavan-Langston

Publications and source records attributed to D Pavan-Langston.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Acyclovir topical therapy of cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs.

The chemotherapeutic efficacy of acyclovir was evaluated by observing the potential of topical acyclovir to reduce the severity of herpes viral lesions and to control the multiplication of this virus in the experimentally induced primary cutaneous infection of guinea pigs. Topical acyclovir showed a substantially high therapeutic efficacy when treatment was initiated after the development of clinically overt skin lesions. The therapeutic response was dose dependent and clearly evident even when the treatment was initiated on day 2 after inoculation. Our results indicate that topical acyclovir treatment improved the cutaneous herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infectious process by inhibiting multiplication of HSV-1 in the skin of guinea pigs.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1979

Antiviral drops: comparative therapy of experimental herpes simplex keratouveitis.

The present, masked, controlled study compares the therapeutic efficacy of guttate 3% vidarabine, 0.1% idoxuridine, and 1% trifluridine in herpes simplex keratouveitis in rabbits. Vidarabine, whether given every hour, every two hours, or every three hours was significantly better than controls but significantly worse than idoxuridine or trifluridine. Trifluridine and idoxuridine were not significantly different from each other. Viral cultures taken at the end of the six-day treatment period were positive in the majority of all treatment groups except for the trifluridine group, which was 100% negative. Although previous studies have shown that vidarabine is very effective as an antiviral ointment, vidarabine drops are not as effective as guttate idoxuridine or trifluridine.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Herpetic ganglionic latency. Aciclovir and vidarabine therapy.

This study report the therapeutic efficacy of systemic antiviral drugs in reducing the incidence of trigeminal ganglionic latent herpes simplex virus (HSV) after ocular infection in mice. Aciclovir sodium, 60 mg/kg daily for five days starting three and 24 hours after inoculation, resulted in a significant decrease in recovery of latent HSV, 28% and 54% positive, respectively, in comparison to untreated controls, 100% positive. Initiation of similar therapy three weeks after inoculation for 5, 10, and 15 days resulted in progressive decrease in persistence of latent virus, being 100%, 33%, and 12% positive, respectively. Systemic vidarabine, 50 mg/kg daily for 15 days starting three weeks after inoculation, also resulted in a significant decrease of positive ganglionic cultures (60% positive) in comparison to the untreated controls. The results indicate that replication of HSV in the trigeminal ganglia in mice is probably continuous and that this reservoir of recurrent ocular herpes is amenable to therapy with systemic antiviral agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Intraocular penetration of trifluridine.

We studied intraocular penetration of topically applied trifluridine in five patients with herpetic keratitis undergoing penetrating keratoplasty. We compared the concentration of trifluridine and its metabolite 5-carboxy 2'-deoxyuridine in the aqueous humor to those of normal control patients undergoing routine cataract extraction without preoperative antiviral therapy. Significant concentrations of intact trifluridine were achieved in the acqueous humor after topical application of 1% trifluridine ophthalmic drops. The metabolite, 5-carboxy 2'-deoxyuridine, was not found in the aqueous humor. Unlike idoxuridine and vidarabine, it is possible to achieve therapeutic levels of trifluridine at intraocular sites that would be advantageous in the treatment of deep herpetic disease involving the stroma and iris.

Aqueous Humor↗
PubMed1979

Aciclovir and corneal wound healing.

Masked controlled rabbit studies were done to determine the toxic effects on corneal wound healing of the antiviral drugs 3% aciclovir and 0.5% idoxuridine ointment in therapeutically effective concentrations. Aciclovir had no significant detrimental effect in comparison to controls on the quality of regenerating epithelium or the re-epithelialization of epithelial wounds. Idoxuridine treatment caused significant toxic changes in the regenerating epithelium clinically and histologically with a significant delay in epithelial wound healing in comparison to control or aciclovir treated eyes. Aciclovir had no significant effect on the collagen content of stromal wounds as measured by hydroxyproline levels. Idoxuridine caused a reduction in collagen content not significantly different from controls but significantly lower than aciclovir.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Timolol therapy in secondary angle-closure glaucoma post penetrating keratoplasty.

Timolol maleate (o.25% or 0.5% twice a day) was used in 13 eyes of 13 patients with secondary angle-closure glaucoma post penetrating keratoplasty uncontrolled on miotics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, or both. When added to each patient's current regimen, tomolol controlled 9 of the 13 eyes that no longer required cyclocryotherapy, and it was well tolerated locally and systemically. Its ocular hypotensive effect appears to supplement miotics and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors↗
PubMed1979

Acylovir in oral and ganglionic herpes simplex virus infections.

The local and trigeminal ganglionic therapeutic efficacy of two topical and systemic antiviral drugs was studied in mouse lips inoculated with herpes simplex virus type 1 after thermal injury. Application of topical 3% acylovir (acycloguanosine) ointment three times daily for four days completely blocked the replication of virus in the lips, and the healing process was greatly accelerated compared with that in placebo-treated infected controls. However, neither the healing process nor the viral replication was influenced by similar therapy with 3% vidarabine ointment. When given systemically for four days, starting one day after inoculation, acyclovir (40-60 mg/kg per day) and vidarabine (50 mg/kg per day) significantly reduced the clinical manifestations on the lips and viral titers of cultures obtained from the lips. Establishment of viral latency in the trigeminal ganglion was significnatly inhibited by systemic acyclovir (60 mg/kg per day), whereas systemic vidarabine (50 mg/kg per day) was ineffective. These data suggest that acyclovir may be one of the most promising antiviral agents for the management of oral herpes viral infections and trigeminal ganglionic latency of virus as demonstrated in the mouse model.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Therapy of experimental herpes simplex encephalitis with aciclovir in mice.

This report is concerned with the capacities of aciclovir to protect mice challenged intracerebrally with multiple lethal doses of type 1 herpes simplex virus and to control multiplication of this virus in the brain. With treatment initiated 12 h after inoculation and continued for 4 consecutive days, aciclovir administered subcutaneously in daily doses ranging from 40 to 100 mg/kg led to 21-day survival rates of from 33 to 73% and reduced virus titers by 1 to (1/2) x 4 logs on postchallenge day 8. The therapeutic accomplishments of the 100-mg/kg doses of aciclovir were comparable to those of 1,000-mg/kg doses of vidarabine (9-beta-d-arabinofuranosyladenine); however, as measured by impact on body weight, aciclovir was better tolerated than vidarabine at these similarly effective doses.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Ocular surface manifestations of the major viruses.

The ocular surface is often the first site of involvement by viral infections. Background information, clinical presentations, and current treatment of three major viruses--herpes simplex, varicella-zoster, and adenovirus, have been presented in detail in this chapter. The effects of adenoviruses are usually transient and may be regarded as a nuisance. Infection with herpes simplex or varicella-zoster may lead to prolonged activity of the disease and life-long treatment with occasional loss of useful vision. It is apparent that our understanding of the clinical behavior of the major viruses has increased in recent years. Therapeutic criteria and modalities have also improved for some of the complications of the viruses. Much work needs to be done for some of the other manifestations, i.e., failure of reepithelialization, stromal melting, scarring, vascularization, and inflammation.

Adenovirus Infections, Human↗
PubMed1979

Fungal invasion of a therapeutic soft contact lens and cornea.

A fungal corneal infection occurred in a 66-year-old man who wore a therapeutic soft contact lens for 12 months during treatment for a metaherpetic corneal epithelial erosion. The infection was documented by finding positive cultures from both the contact lens and the cornea, and histologic evidence of fungal infiltration of the therapeutic soft lens. The fungus was identified as Cephalosporium acremonium. Pathogenic fungal invasion of soft lenses is unusual. Corneal infections associated with such conditions are rare. This case demonstrates histologically, a pathogenic fungal corneal infection arising from therapeutic contact lens wear. Factors that may influence soft lens infiltration by fungi are: (1) enzymatic activity produced by the fungus, and (2) lens material properties which provide a matrix and a nutrient source for fungal growth. Continuous-wear soft contact lens treatment with topical steroid and prophylactic antibiotics used in combination in an already compromised cornea were thought to be responsible in an already compromised cornea were thought to be responsible for this complication. A therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was performed when the infection and its accompanying inflammation became clinically unresponsive to multifold therapy, and a corneal perforation was imminent. The eye was salvaged with a resulting clear graft and stable intraocular pressures.

Acremonium↗
PubMed1978

Clinical trial comparing timolol ophthalmic solution to pilocarpine in open-angle glaucoma.

A ten-week, double-masked, randomized, clinical trial compared timolol ophthalmic solution and pilocarpine in the therapy of open-angle glaucoma. Timolol decreased the intraocular pressure at least as much as pilocarpine and did not induce miosis, accommodative spasm, or other annoying side effects. The pulse was slowed by timolol, but blood pressure was unaffected. Significant decreases in intraocular pressure were still present after ten weeks of maintenance therapy with the same concentration of drug.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Acyclic antimetabolite therapy of experimental herpes simplex keratitis.

In a masked controlled study we compared 3% acycloguanosine, 0.5% idoxuridine, and 3% vidarabine ointments in therapy of experimental herpes simplex virus keratitis in rabbits. The results of the acycloguanosine group were significantly better than the control groups and both other treatment groups, while producing none of the toxic side effects of increasing iritis, conjunctivitis or stromal keratitis, with continued drug application.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Corneal wound healing and antiviral medication.

Masked, controlled rabbit studies were done to determine the toxic effects on corneal wound healing of 0.1 percent idoxuridine drops, 3 percent adenine arabinoside monophosphate drops, and 1 percent trifluorothymidine drops, the clinically used concentrations. Neither idoxuridine nor trifluorothymidine significantly retarded closure of epithelial wounds. All three drugs caused toxic changes in the regenerating epithelium clinically and by histopathologic examination. Treatment with arabinoside monophosphate, the monophosphate ester of vidarabine, significantly retarded closure of epithelial wounds and caused impressive toxic changes in the regenerating epithelium. Vascularization of the corneal stroma was present in all eyes treated with this drug. The trifluorothymidine and idoxuridine had much milder toxic effects on regenerating epithelium and appeared equal in regard to production of such effects. The strength of stromal wounds was somewhat reduced by idoxuridine and trifluorothymidine and significantly increased by arabinoside monophosphate when compared to controls, These findings were confirmed by hydroxyproline assay of the stromal scars.

Adenosine Monophosphate↗
PubMed1977

Trifluorothymidine and idoxuridine therapy of ocular herpes.

In a coded study, we treated 40 patients who had active herpes simplex corneal ulcers with either 1% trifluorothymidine (F3T) or 0.1% idoxuridine (IDU) drops; we treated 15 similarly afflicted patients, who had failed on IDU or vidarabine, with open 1% F3T drops. All dosages were at therapeutically recommended frequency. In the coded study there was no statistically significant difference between the drugs in rate of healing; mean initial ulcer size in both groups was approximately 7 mm2 and mean healing time was approximately 5.5 days. There was a significant difference, however, in the chances of successful healing; 96% of all F3T treated eyes and only 75% of IDU treated eyes healed completely within 14 days. In the open study, 87% of patients healed completely on F3T eyedrops. Although an insufficient number of patients were on concomitant coricosteroid therapy to provide statistical analysis, F3T-corticosteroid treated eyes (eight masked and open) all healed. The one IDU-corticosteroid treated eye in the masked study failed to heal.

Administration, Topical↗