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Biomedical subjects

D Passali

Publications and source records attributed to D Passali.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Relapsing infective-phlogistic pathology of Waldeyer's ring and its relationship with secretory otitis media.

In our previous studies on the physiopathology of the rhinopharyngeal-tubal unit, we found and reported an unmistakable correspondence between rhinopathy and otitis media. However, we have often asked ourselves how and why severe cases of otitis media were often present in subjects without an evident obstructive naso-tubal pathology. With research that we have already published, we have been able to reveal how alteration of the ventilatory function of the tube is not the only factor that provokes affections of the middle ear. In our opinion, the phlogistic event is the main cause of otitis. Our conviction has recently been confirmed and strengthened by new research to which we wish to refer. A total of 92% of young patients and 65% of adult patients who underwent tonsillectomy in our Institute suffered from otitis media. These results emphasize that it is the infection, with the concomitant inflammation, that alters the function of the tube. Altered functions of drainage and defense cause affections of the middle ear in conditions of non altered ventilation and thus they are not documentable with the routine instrumental tests.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMed1995

Oral therapy with flurithromycin in ear, nose and throat infections.

In this study efficacy and tolerability of flurithromycin ethylsuccinate (FE) were evaluated in ear, nose and throat infections. One hundred and three patients were treated with FE tablets 375 mg 12-hourly for a mean duration of treatment of 8.2 days and they were divided into groups according to the pathology: pharyngitis/tonsillitis (chronic 7, acute 38), rhinosinusitis (chronic 7, acute 12), otitis (chronic 6, acute 32) and sialadenitis (acute 1). Patients evaluable for clinical efficacy were 101, among them a complete recovery was registered in 88.2%, an improvement in 9.9% and a treatment failure in 1.9%. Bacteriological evaluation was possible in 95 patients, showing the eradication of the pathogen in 94.7%. Tolerability was judged to be excellent in 81.6%, good in 15.5% and discrete in 2.9%. These results demonstrate that FE is safe and effective in the treatment of infections established on acute or chronic inflammatory states.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Comparative study of most recent surgical techniques for the treatment of the hypertrophy of inferior turbinates].

The choice among the several techniques carried out to treat the hypertrophy of inferior turbinates is still difficult and matter of great interest. In the present study the Authors evaluated the efficacy and sequelae of the most common operations suitable for this pathology. The surgical procedures taken into consideration were (1) electrocautery; (2) cryotheraphy; (3) lasertherapy; (4) submucosal decongestion without lateral outfracture; (5) sub-mucosal decongestion with lateral outfracture; (6) turbinectomy. The six groups of patients (total 382) have been followed up for 4 years after surgery. At this aim the rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry, MCTt and SIgA dosage have been checked up together with the symptomatologic score. The conclusion was that the submucosal decongestion with lateral outfracture was the most effective technique for the chronic nasal obstruction, able to respect all the nasal functions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Can the recurrence of nasal polyposis be prevented? A new therapeutic approach].

Nowadays nasal polyposis must be still considered an unsolved problem as the surgical procedures are unable to treat this pathology and the recurrence is very common. For this reason several Authors starting from the pathogenesis and the histological features have chosen a medical point of view at the aim of preventing the natural course of this disease. The present study experimented the effect of the furosemide locally administered in the prevention of polyps relapsing in subjects previously operated on. The Authors pointed out that the furosemide was able to decrease the nasal reactivity to the challenge with ultrasonic nebulized distilled water. Besides this drug locally administered for 3 months (once a day) maintained the nasal mucosa of the patients affected with hyperreactivity in a good functional condition without nasal obstruction. In fact no polyps were found at the objective examinations performed during the three years follow up and the values of acoustic rhinometry measurements were within the normal range. Finally the present research gave the opportunity to hypothesize the role of sodium, potassium and calcium ions transport regulated by drugs or other physiopathological events, in the physiology of the nasal mucosa.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Pidotimod in the management of recurrent pharyngotonsillar infections in childhood.

The efficacy and safety of a new synthetic immunostimulant pidotimod ((R)-3-[(S)-(5-oxo-2-pyrrolidinyl) carbonyl]-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, PGT/1A, CAS 121808-62-6) in recurrent infections of the primary airways were assessed in a group of 416 children with a history of recurrent respiratory infections (RRI). This was a double-blind randomized trial of pidotimod vs. placebo, consisting of a treatment period of 60 days and a follow-up period of 3 months. A reduction in the duration and frequency of infectious episodes in the group of children treated with pidotimod (one 400 mg oral bottle daily) was observed which was statistically different from the placebo group. The protective effect produced by pidotimod was also confirmed by a series of recordings made over the five-month observation period, which showed a significant reduction in the number of days of fever, the severity of the signs and symptoms of acute episodes, use of antibiotics and antipyretic drugs and absence from school or nursery school. Safety was excellent.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[Action of an anti-inflammatory agent on the nasal mucosa].

The histological integrity of the nasal mucosa assures full efficacy of the respiratory, conditioning and defense functions. Together with ciliated and goblet cells, the respiratory epithelium not only carries out mucociliary clearance but it is also responsible for correct assembly of secretory IgA, the foundation of the mucosal defense system. The secretory component stabilizing the immunoglobulin molecule is indeed, an epithelial glycoprotein which begins to fail when the mucous trophism is altered through inflammatory processes of various natures. The efficacy of an anti-inflammatory drug (tiaprofenic acid) can thus be proven not only because the respiratory and mucociliary transport functions are normalized but, histologically speaking, through an accumulation of IgA in the epithelial cells and nasal secretions as well. In the present experiment the effect of tiaprofenic acid on the local production of antibodies appears prompt and long lasting. On the contrary, respiratory function and mucocillary transport are more deeply affected by structural alterations of the epithelium, most likely because the histological integrity-demonstrated by the increase of IgA in the secretion and accumulation of the secretory component in the epithelium-is the starting point for a perfect coordination according to fixed biological rhythms of all nasal functions.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Urea to calculate the dilution of nasal secretum collected by lavage.

Urea, creatinine (24 cases) and albumin (22 cases) were determined in nasal secretum and in serum in 50 subjects. The correlation between the values in the secretum and in the serum significative only for urea and creatinine. The regression coefficient of urea was particularly high and we suggest that the values of urea in nasal secretum may be calculated as 1, 3 times its serum levels. This relationship may be useful to calculate the dilution of the samples of respiratory secretum collected by lavage, utilizing the ratio between the actual urea in the sample and its theorical value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Mucociliary flow in the nose during general and epidural anesthesia.

By means of the coloured indicator transport test (phenol red 3% in calcium-hydrogen-phosphate), mucociliary function in nose and pharynx was studied in 50 patients who underwent general or ocular surgery and in 10 healthy adult subjects. Patients were anesthetized with halothane, enflurane, NLA, and epidural analgesia. At the end of surgery, mucociliary function was significantly depressed (p less than 0.001) after halothane or enflurane anesthesia, but not after NLA or epidural analgesia. Six hours following enflurane anesthesia we still found a significant depression (p less than 0.001) of mucociliary function. No difference between halothane or enflurane was noted.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sobrerol in the treatment of secretory otitis media in childhood.

The therapeutic activity and tolerability of sobrerol, a muco-active agent, were evaluated in 30 children (aged 5-10 years) with secretory otitis media. The drug was administered once daily by inhalation for 10 days consecutively at a dose of 40 mg/3 ml. Clinical assessments showed a significant improvement in the objective measures together with good tolerability. Moreover, sobrerol was shown to improve impedance values; this is an important aspect of the modifications induced by this drug in diseases involving the ear.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of azelastine nasal spray and cetirizine tablets in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

A total of 40 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were treated with either azelastine nasal spray 0.14 mg/nostril twice daily (0.56 mg/day) or cetirizine tablets 10 mg once daily. Treatment was for a period of eight weeks. The rhinitis symptoms were evaluated according to a four-point scale (0 = absent, 3 = severe). The Total Rhinitis Symptom Score (TRSS) was derived from the sum of the individual symptom scores. Symptoms were assessed at baseline prior to treatment and at weeks 2, 4 and 8. Compared baseline, TRSS for both the azelastine and cetirizine groups were less at each assessment during treatment, a slight non-significant advantage was seen in the azelastine group. At the end of the study, physicians rated global efficacy as being "good" or "excellent" in 73.7% of azelastine patients and 55.5% of cetirizine patients. Both treatments were well tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported, however, two cetirizine patients withdrew from the study because of somnolence. In conclusion, azelastine has been shown to be at least as effective as cetirizine in the relief of the symptoms of perennial allergic rhinitis.

Administration, Inhalation↗