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Biomedical subjects

D P Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to D P Shaw.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Hyperinsulinism and hypoglycemia associated with pancreatic islet cell tumor in a ferret.

Pancreatic islet cell tumor causing hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinism was diagnosed in a ferret with a history of progressive neurologic dysfunction. The diagnosis was suspected by the findings of hypoglycemia when the ferret was not fed, hyperinsulinism, and an amended insulin/glucose ratio approaching infinity. A focal pancreatic mass was removed by partial pancreatectomy, resulting in euglycemia and the resolution of clinical signs. Histologic diagnosis of the pancreatic mass was consistent with islet cell tumor (insulinoma). The ferret remained clinically normal for 8 months, but died after recurring episodes of hyperglycemia and glucosuria. Necropsy revealed no evidence of islet cell neoplasia involving the pancreas or other structures.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1989

Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotypes of Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae recovered from Missouri swine.

The antimicrobial susceptibility of 73 Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) pleuropneumoniae isolates from swine in Missouri was determined with a microdilution minimal inhibitory concentration test system. Serotyping was accomplished by means of co-agglutination. Serotype 1 (39/73) and serotype 5 (30/73) were commonly found, whereas serotype 7 (4/73) was infrequently encountered. Most isolates (MIC90) were found susceptible to ampicillin (amoxicillin), cephalothin, penicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and kanamycin. Marked resistance was found with oxytetracycline, tylosin, and sulfadimethoxine. The data indicate that use of ampicillin (amoxicillin) or penicillin may correlate well with the favorable outcome of treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Experimental rotavirus infection in three-week-old pigs.

Thirteen 3-week-old pigs that had been allowed to nurse for the first 16 to 18 hours after birth were orally inoculated with 1 x 10(6.5) TCID50 of porcine rotavirus. All developed diarrhea, anorexia, and vomiting by postinoculation (PI) hour 30. These signs had abated by PI day 6. Villus blunting in the small intestine was most severe in the jejunum and ileum of pigs euthanatized between PI days 3 and 5. Villi had returned to nearly normal length by PI day 6, although fused villi were seen in a few locations in the distal portion of the jejunum and in the ileum. Virus was detected in the feces of inoculated pigs by isolation in cell cultures and by electron microscopy during the 7-day course of the experiment. There was 1 extraintestinal virus isolation from the lung of 1 pig at PI day 2. Infection and disease developed in the presence of serum-neutralizing antibody obtained by nursing seropositive sows. There was no significant change in neutralizing antibody titers in the 3-week-old pigs over the course of the experiment. In this experimental work, a model to study rotavirus infection in 3-week-old pigs has been developed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Rotavirus replication in colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived pigs.

A porcine rotavirus isolate was titrated in neonatal colostrum-fed and colostrum-deprived pigs. The stock rotavirus suspension had a titer of 10(-6.5)/ml and was in its fifteenth cell culture passage in MA-104 cells. Fourteen colostrum-fed pigs were orally inoculated with dilutions of the stock virus suspension ranging from undiluted to 10(-5). These pigs did not develop notable clinical signs during the 7-day experimental trial and no pathologic changes were found in intestine, liver, lung, kidney, spleen, or brain. However, rotavirus was detected in feces of the colostrum-fed pigs, using virus isolation and electron microscopic techniques. Rotavirus was also isolated from lung, brain, or spleen of 4 of 12 of these pigs. Sixteen colostrum-deprived pigs were orally inoculated with dilutions of the stock virus suspension ranging from 10(-1) to 10(-8). Diarrhea developed in 10 of 12 pigs that were given up to the 10(-6) dilution. Seven of these 12 pigs died because of the severity of diarrhea. Pigs that died of rotavirus-induced diarrhea had severe villus loss in the jejunum and ileum. Villi of the small intestine of colostrum-deprived pigs that survived the severe diarrhea were within normal limits at the end of the 7-day trial. The colostrum-deprived pigs that were inoculated with a dilution less than 10(-6) and survived past 96 hours underwent seroconversion. Rotavirus was detected by virus isolation and electron microscopy in the feces of all colostrum-deprived pigs that survived beyond 18.5 hours after inoculation. Virus was isolated from lungs, brain, or spleen of 12 of 16 colostrum-deprived pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Ovarian teratoma in a bitch.

An ovarian teratoma in a 5-year-old bitch with a history of vaginal discharge was removed successfully by ovariohysterectomy. The mass was discovered on abdominal palpation and contained multiple mineralized densities that were visualized radiographically. Histologic examination of the mass confirmed the presence of tissues originating from multiple germ-cell layers, characteristic of a teratoma. Clinical findings in dogs with teratomas include abdominal distention, a palpable abdominal mass, and rarely, evidence of reproductive hormonal activity. These neoplasms are uncommon in the dog, and they may exhibit malignant tendencies, with metastasis developing in approximately 33% of the reported cases. Ovariohysterectomy is the preferred treatment for ovarian teratomas, and this procedure was curative in the dog of this report.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Radiation treatment for thymoma in a dog.

A 10-year-old Toy Poodle was admitted for evaluation of a chronic cough caused by a cranial mediastinal mass. The mass was diagnosed, by needle biopsy, as a thymoma. Detection of serum acetylcholine receptor antibodies suggested that the dog had subclinical myasthenia gravis. The dog underwent orthovoltage radiation treatment, which resulted in an approximate 60% reduction in tumor mass and freedom from clinical signs for 6 months. Concurrent use of prednisolone may have been associated with disappearance of the acetylcholine receptor antibodies.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Rupture of an aortic sinus aneurysm in a 15-year-old broodmare.

A 15-year-old, Standardbred broodmare with an aortic sinus aneurysm developed rupture of the aneurysm with subsequent rupture of a tricuspid valve chorda tendinae, tricuspid regurgitation, acute right-sided congestive heart failure, and pulmonary thromboembolism. Shunting of blood from the aorta through the ruptured aneurysm into the right ventricle resulted in decreased renal perfusion and acute renal failure. Initially, treatment of the mare with analgesics, fluids, and digoxin resulted in clinical improvement, but the mare's condition deteriorated after 8 days and the mare was euthanatized due to unrelenting pain and a poor prognosis. Echocardiography was useful in diagnosis of the cardiac disease in the broodmare.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Idiopathic hematuria of unilateral renal origin in a dog.

Idiopathic hematuria of unilateral renal origin was diagnosed in a 3-month-old male Weimaraner. The hematuria had been visible grossly for 6 weeks. Extensive clinicopathologic, radiographic, and histologic evaluations localized the source of the hematuria to the right kidney, but could not identify a cause. Nephrectomy of the right kidney resolved the problem. This case report supports a previous article comparing canine idiopathic hematuria of renal origin with benign essential hematuria of human beings.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Neonatal avian pneumovirus infection in commercial turkeys.

Eleven market turkey flocks developed a respiratory disease characterized by coughing, swollen sinuses and nasal discharge. These symptoms first appeared between 3 and 16 days of age. Avian pneumovirus (APV) RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in six of six flocks tested. APV was detected by immunohistochemistry in turbinates of three of three affected flocks tested. Virus isolation attempts were negative. Ten of 11 flocks became seropositive on the APV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Five weeks prior to hatch of these affected market turkeys, several breeder flocks in one geographic area had developed clinical signs and experienced decline in egg production typical of APV infection. In two breeder flocks, acute and convalescent sera indicated APV infection during the period of declining egg production. Attempts to detect APV RNA by RT-PCR from choanal cleft swabs of newly hatched poults were successful. Attempts to isolate the virus from these PCR-positive samples were negative.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Avian pneumovirus infection in Minnesota turkeys: experimental reproduction of the disease.

Avian pneumovirus (APV) is an emerging viral respiratory disease agent of turkeys in Minnesota. Clinical signs of APV infection include open mouth breathing, ocular and nasal discharge, and swelling of infraorbital sinuses. The virus spreads rapidly among flocks of susceptible turkeys and is associated with increased mortality rates. A flock of 11-wk-old turkeys experienced a respiratory problem characterized by coughing, sneezing, swollen sinuses, and nasal discharge. The reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) performed on tissues from the nasal turbinates and tracheal tissues was positive for avian pneumovirus. Turbinate tissue was inoculated into chicken embryo fibroblasts, and cytopathic effect was observed after five blind passages. In an attempt to reproduce the disease, 50 microl of this cell culture-propagated virus was instilled into each conjunctival space and nostril of 23-day-old turkey poults. The poults were sacrificed at 2-day intervals for 12 days, and serum, tissues, and tracheal and cloacal swabs were collected. Between days 2 and 10 after exposure, the poults developed ocular and nasal discharge and swollen sinuses. The virus was detected by RT-PCR and virus isolation from the nasal turbinates of poults sacrificed on days 4 and 6 postinoculation. Antibodies to APV were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Susceptibility of an avian pneumovirus isolated from Minnesota turkeys to physical and chemical agents.

Survival characteristics of a Minnesota avian pneumovirus (APV) isolated from a turkey nasoturbinate, propagated in tissue culture, and exposed to various physiochemical treatments were determined. These characteristics included survivability under various conditions. Specifically, APV was viable at temperatures of -70 C and -20 C for over 26 wk, 4 C for less than 12 wk, 20 C for less than 4 wk, 37 C for 48 hr, and 50 C for less than 6 hr. In addition, APV survived 12 freeze/thaw cycles with no loss of activity. With a variable pH for 1 hr, the titer was unaffected between the levels of pH 5 and 9. Several disinfectants, including quaternary ammonia, ethanol, iodophor, a phenol derivative, a biguanide, and bleach, were all effective in reducing the viability of the virus. After 7 days of drying at room temperature, the APV remained viable and was recovered on cell culture.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in turkeys: immunoprophylaxis studies.

Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale has been shown to cause serious clinical illness and is a significant concern to the turkey industry because of its potential economic impact. In this study, 6-wk-old turkeys were vaccinated intranasally with a live or subcutaneously with a killed O. rhinotracheale vaccine. At 14 or 21 wk of age, the birds were challenged intratracheally with live O. rhinotracheale. Airsacculitis and pneumonia occurred less frequently in vaccinated birds than in unvaccinated birds after challenge with O. rhinotracheale. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale was recovered from unvaccinated, challenged birds but not from vaccinated, challenged or from unchallenged birds. Thus, turkeys inoculated with live or killed O. rhinotracheale vaccine were protected from pathologic changes.

Air Sacs↗