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Biomedical subjects

D P Keating

Publications and source records attributed to D P Keating.

5 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

On estimating processing variance: commentary and reanalysis of Kail's "Developmental functions for speeds of cognitive processes".

A recent paper by Kail (1988) in this journal appears to contain a significant error in the data analysis. The "goodness-of-fit" coefficients reported which suggest that overall about 94% of the variance can be accounted for by the model seem to be a substantial overestimation as a result of inappropriate procedures for statistical modeling. Using the data made available to us by Kail, we have reanalyzed these results. The corrected values range from 0.9 to 92.1% for the individual tasks with an overall average between 40 and 60%. We suggest that the support for the original conclusions is considerably weaker than reported.

Aptitude↗
PubMed1985

Differences in memory retrieval: a construct validity investigation.

Long-term memory retrieval efficiency was investigated as a potential underlying source of individual and developmental differences in cognitive functioning. Fourth-grade, eighth-grade, and college-aged subjects participated in a task using the Posner letter-matching paradigm. Letter pairs were presented simultaneously under physical-match and name-match instruction conditions. Reaction times were used to estimate parameters of long-term memory retrieval efficiency, basic encoding, decision, and response time, and name and physical output interference. Psychometric tests of verbal and spatial ability were included to assess convergent and discriminant validity of hypothesized relationships between aptitude test performance and basic cognitive processes. Developmental differences were observed in most but not all of the processing variables. Individual difference analyses indicated that less confounded estimates of processing parameters were not systematically related to verbal ability at any age level. Basic encoding and response speed was the most consistent correlate of spatial ability. The results suggest difficulties in previous interpretations of NIPI-verbal ability relationships. The study of cognitive processes in interaction and embedded in meaningful tasks is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Perception of numerical invariance in neonates.

40 healthy, normal newborn infants were evaluated with reference to their ability to discriminate among visual stimulus arrays consisting of 2 versus 3 or 4 versus 6 black dots. Infants made this discrimination within a habituation/dishabituation paradigm for the small number sets (2 to 3 and 3 to 2) but not for the larger sets (4 to 6 and 6 to 4). We argue that this suggests the ability to abstract numerical invariance from small-set visual arrays and may be evidence for complex information processing during the first week of life.

Attention↗
PubMed1980

Development of the search-processing parameter.

A potentially important source of cognitive developmental variance is that associated with basic cognitive-processing efficiency. Discrepant findings from several studies have failed to establish convincingly whether developmental change exists in basic processing efficiency. Employing 2 different experimental tasks, memory and visual scanning, which permit the isolation of a theoretically similar process, that is, search, we examined age effects on the search-processing parameter after analyzing it for convergent and discriminant validity. Each of the 96 subjects at 4 ages (9, 11, 13, and 15 years) completed both experiments. Validity evidence was obtained through a comparison of process and task intercorrelations, which revealed the former to be significantly more related than the latter (p less than .001). Also, significant age effects (p less than .001) were obtained for the search-processing parameter in both tasks, which provides evidence for the development of basic cognitive-processing efficiency.

Adolescent↗