Effect of local sympathectomy on 24-h changes in mitogenic responses and lymphocyte subset populations in rat submaxillary lymph nodes during the preclinical phase of Freund's adjuvant arthritis.
Wistar male rats received a bilateral superior cervical ganglionectomy or sham-operation and 10 days later were injected with Freund's complete adjuvant or its vehicle. Two days later, rats were killed at six different time intervals throughout a 24-h cycle. The mitogenic effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (Con A) and the relative size of lymphocyte subset populations were measured in submaxillary lymph nodes. Cells from sympathectomized lymph nodes showed a lower response to Con A. Freund's adjuvant injection decreased amplitude of daily rhythm in Con A response, an effect prevented by denervation. Generally, ganglionectomy increased Con A response at the early phase of arthritis. Acrophases for Con A and LPS effect occurred at early afternoon and did not change after ganglionectomy. Administration of Freund's adjuvant caused a 10-h advance in acrophase of LPS mitogenic activity, an effect prevented by ganglionectomy. Significant 24-h rhythms were observed in relative size of lymph node B and T cells. Denervation augmented amplitude of rhythm in B cells in adjuvant's vehicle-injected rats. As far as T lymphocyte subsets, acrophases occurred at the afternoon (CD4(+) and CD4(+)-CD8(+) cell types) or at night (CD8(+) cell types). Immunization augmented amplitude of 24-h rhythms in CD4(+)-CD8(+) cells regardless of innervation whereas denervation counteracted the suppression of daily rhythm in CD8(+) cells seen in arthritis. The results indicate that some of the changes seen in 24-h organization of immune responses in lymph nodes at an early phase of arthritis are modified by severing the local sympathetic nerves.