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Biomedical subjects

D Olive

Publications and source records attributed to D Olive.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Transmembrane signaling via both CD3 and CD2 human T cell surface molecules involves protein kinase-C translocation.

The activation of T lymphocytes by appropriate pairs of anti-CD2 monoclonal antibodies has been shown to involve phospholipase-C and phosphoinositide hydrolysis. In this paper we show that the stimulation of the human cloned leukemic T cell line Jurkat by anti-CD2 as well as anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies induces translocation from cytosol to cell membrane of protein kinase-C (PKC), which is dependent on the formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol from inositol 4,5-diphosphate. PKC translocation is rapid and transient: the kinetics of enzyme redistribution are similar for CD2 and CD3. These results further stress that CD2 and CD3 T cell activation pathways use similar signal transducing mechanisms.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dissociation between early and late events in T cell activation mediated through CD28 surface molecule.

The regulation of early and late events of T cell activation via the CD28 molecule has been investigated, using as an indicator system the differentiated leukemic T cell line Jurkat. Both CD3 and CD28 mAbs induced an increase in (Ca2+)i in Jurkat cells, although with different kinetics, the latter being slower than the former. CD28-mediated (Ca2+)i mobilization was highly sensitive to cholera toxin (ID50 25 ng/ml, vs 300 ng/ml for CD3 stimulation). The inhibitory action of cholera toxin was neither merely due to the increase in intracellular cAMP concentrations, nor to decrease in cell surface expression of the CD28 molecule. To evaluate the effects of cholera toxin on late events of Jurkat cell activation induced by CD28 and CD3 mAbs, the action of cholera toxin and cAMP and CD3- and CD28-mediated IL-2 secretion was analyzed. CD3-induced IL-2 secretion was highly sensitive to cholera toxin (ID less than 5 ng/ml); on the other hand, CD28-induced IL-2 secretion was poorly sensitive to cholera toxin, in sharp contrast to (Ca2+)i mobilization. On the basis of these data, it is hypothesized that the CD28 pathway could be associated with at least two distinct transduction mechanisms, one responsible for the (Ca2+)i rise in Jurkat cells and highly sensitive to cholera toxin, and the other, whose second messenger is unknown, resistant to cholera toxin and responsible for IL-2 secretion.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Seveso Women's Health Study: a study of the effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin on reproductive health.

Although reproductive effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure have been reported in numerous investigations of animals, studies of this association in humans are limited. In 1976, an explosion in Seveso, Italy exposed the surrounding population to among the highest levels of TCDD recorded in humans. The relatively pure exposure to TCDD and the ability to quantify individual level TCDD exposure from sera collected in 1976 for the Seveso cohort affords a unique opportunity to evaluate the potential dose-response relationship between TCDD exposure and a spectrum of reproductive endpoints. The Seveso Women's Health Study (SWHS) is the first comprehensive study of the reproductive health of a human population exposed to TCDD. The primary objectives of the study are to investigate the relationship of TCDD and the following endpoints: (1) endometriosis; (2) menstrual cycle characteristics; (3) age at menarche; (4) birth outcomes of pregnancies conceived after 1976; (5) time to conception and clinical infertility; and (6) age at menopause. Included in the SWHS cohort are women who were 0-40 yr old in 1976, who have adequate stored sera collected between 1976 and 1980, and who resided in Zones A or B at the time of the accident. All women were interviewed extensively about their reproductive and pregnancy history and had a blood draw. For an eligible subset of women, a pelvic exam and transvaginal ultrasound were conducted and a menstrual diary was completed. More than 95% of the women were located 20 yr after the accident and roughly 80% of the cohort agreed to participate. Data collection was completed in July 1998, serum TCDD analysis of samples for analysis of endometriosis as a nested case-control study was completed in October 1998, and statistical analysis of these data should be completed in early 1999. Serum samples are now being analyzed in order to relate TCDD levels with the remaining reproductive outcomes.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Subcellular localization of class I (A,B,C) and class II (DR and DQ) MHC antigens in jejunal epithelium of children with coeliac disease.

Thin frozen sections of 11 jejunal biopsies from 10 children at different stages of coeliac disease were stained by immunofluorescence technique using a panel of anti-HLA class I (A, B, C) and anti-HLA class II (DR and DQ) monoclonal antibodies. On the epithelium of flattened mucosa, in contrast with control sections, the intensity of the labeling on the basolateral membranes with both anti-class I and class II DR antibodies decreased strongly from the bottom to the upper part of the crypts, and no bright patchy staining was observed on the apical part of enterocytes with anti-HLA DR antibodies. Numerous cells with large granules expressing class I and class II DR antigens were found in the epithelium of the small intestine. Children with a fully recovered mucosa expressed MHC antigens identical to those previously observed in normal epithelium. On the other hand, children with intermediate mucosal lesions showed the presence of MHC antigens in varying degrees. The results of this report indicate that immunological mechanisms may play a prominent role in coeliac disease.

Celiac Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pilot study of immunotherapy with interleukin-2 after autologous stem cell transplantation in advanced breast cancers.

Median survival for advanced breast cancer does not exceed 2 years. Immunotherapy following Hihg Dose Chemotherapy (HDC) and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a procedure that could hypothetically decrease relapse rate. The mechanism implicated is induction of immune modulation and a possible Graft Versus Tumor effect (GVHT). Tolerance and feasibility of rIL-2 administered after HDC with ASCT was analyzed in twenty one advanced breast cancer patients. The patients were treated either with intra-venous high-dose rIL-2 (9 patients) or subcutaneous low dose (12 patients). With intra-venous high-dose rIL-2, 50% of the scheduled dose was administered and 100% of the scheduled dose was administered at a lower dose in the subcutaneous route. rIL-2 was administered safely after HDC and ASCT, particularly in the subcutaneous low dose arm. However no clinical beneficial effect was documented for these advanced heavily pretreated breast cancers. Immune modulation with rIL-2 earlier requires further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) after autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT): a pilot study in 19 patients.

In vivo use of rIL-2 autologous BMT may be the means of reproducing a kind of "adoptive immunotherapy" from grafted cells after allogeneic BMT. This approach may enhance the spontaneous generation of cytotoxic T-cells and NK cells which are presumably involved in this immunotherapy. Potential risks of such an approach would be to increase the usual toxicity of rIL-2 and to jeopardize the hemopoietic reconstitution. To determine the feasibility of this approach we have treated 19 poor prognosis patients with a succession of autologous BMT followed 78 +/- 12 days later by a continuous infusion of rIL-2. Eighteen million international units (IU) per m2 per day of Proleukine (CETUS, Amsterdam, The Netherlands) were administrated over 6 or 12 days. No patient died of the procedure. Clinical toxicity related to rIL-2 was not increased. Hemopoietic toxicity, significant both for platelets and granulocytes, was transient. Immune stimulation was dramatic for lymphocytes and subpopulations (CD3+ and NK cells) and for cytolytic functions (NK and LAK activity). This trial establishes the feasibility of administration of high doses of rIL-2, 2 months after autologous BMT. In this setting a 6 day period of continuous infusion of 18 million per m2 per day of Proleukine appears to be a regularly tolerable dosage conducting to a major immune activation and invites further studies to determine the clinical impact of such an approach.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Esophageal communication with a totally sequestrated hypoplastic right lung].

Pulmonary sequestrations involving communication with the digestive tractus are known as bronchopulmonary foregut malformations. The authors add a peculiar case report: there was an hypoplastic right lung with a total sequestration from the bronchial tree and communicating with esophagus. This was fed from the pulmonary vasculature without collateral artery formation. The pulmonary vein was normal. Association with a facial dysmorphia and an occipital meningocele is also of interest. The radiological diagnosis is based on the pulmonary X-Ray and the oesophagogram.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Hypogammaglobulinemia of variable expression, Addison's disease, Dubin-Johnson's disease].

A girl aged 12 with hypogammaglobulinaemia is described who developed Addison's disease with adrenal antibodies at the age of eight. This unusual finding is rarely seen in childhood except in the syndrome of juvenile familial polyendocrinopathy and mucocutaneous moniliasis. By chance the child also had Dubin-Johnson syndrome which could alter the metabolism of therapeutically administered drugs and steroids.

Addison Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Peritoneal metastasis of a pineoblastoma in a patient with a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt].

A 12 years old child had an increase of intra cranial pressure secondary to a large pinealoblastoma. A ventriculo peritoneal shunt procedure was performed followed several days later by a partial resection of the pinealoblastoma. One year later, ultrasound and computed tomography examinations discovered a solid mass in the pelvis. At surgery it appeared to be a metastasis of the pinealoblastoma. It is a very seldom complication of the shunt and various mechanisms are discussed.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuroblastoma of the tail of the pancreas. Apropos of a case].

We describe the case of a four-year-old child who presented a neuroblastoma of the tail of the pancreas. Diagnosis was evoked on computer tomography and confirmed thanks to the pathological examination of the resected tumour. Malignant tumours of the pancreas are rare in children and most of the cases are carcinoma. Three cases of pancreatic neuroblastoma have been described. Evolution and prognosis depend on the staging once the diagnosis is established.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Systemic lupus erythematosus manifested by thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs].

The diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus was made in a 9 year old boy who had presented two months earlier with an extensive thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and femoral veins. Haemostatic abnormalities were detected as follows: a moderate thrombocytopenia, increased platelet aggregation and stickiness, and a circulating anticoagulant (antithromboplastin).

Blood Coagulation↗