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Biomedical subjects

D O Selo-Ojeme

Publications and source records attributed to D O Selo-Ojeme.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2006

Recurrent stillbirths: a matched case-control study of unexplained stillbirths at term.

The aim of this study was to assess the recurrent risk of an unexplained stillbirth at term. A total of 75 women who delivered stillbirths were matched for maternal age and parity with 75 controls. After excluding explained stillbirths, matched cases and controls were compared for maternal age, length of gestation, birth weight and 'interval to next birth'. The main outcome measure was the frequency of recurrence of a stillbirth. Both groups were similar for maternal age and length of gestation. Birth weight was marginally different (odds ratio (OR) = 0.997, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.996, 0.999) and 'interval to next birth' was longer (OR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.00, 1.17). There were no stillbirths in cases and controls at follow-up. We conclude that a woman who has had an unexplained stillbirth at term has no greater risk of recurrence than a matched control. However, the 'interval to next birth' was significantly longer.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

External cephalic version (ECV): experience in a sub-Saharan African hospital.

External cephalic version (ECV) is not a popular procedure in developing countries such as Nigeria. Over a 3-year period, we prospectively studied women who had ECV in a Nigerian University Teaching hospital. Comparative analysis was made between the successful ECV and the unsuccessful ECV groups. Following adequate counselling, Nigerian women were willing to accept an ECV for the singleton term breech. The ECV success rate was 67%. Favourable factors for success were multiparity (Relative Risk, RR 3.8; 95% confidence interval, CI 1.14 - 12.1), flexed breech (RR 2.4; 95% CI 1.02 - 5.7), unengaged breech (RR 4.8; 95% CI 1.3 - 17.2), normal liquor volume (RR 4.8; 95% CI 1.3 - 17.1) and a posterior placenta (RR 6.8; 95% CI 2.8 - 16). Once turned, 97% of the babies remained cephalic until delivery. The caesarean section rate in each group was higher than the unit rate of 12.7%. There was one fetal death from cord prolapse in the vaginal breech delivery group.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Late pre-term (32 - 36 weeks) birth in a North London hospital.

Most of the complications of pre-term delivery arise in the 1 - 2% of births before 32 weeks' gestation. However, late pre-term birth (32 - 36 weeks' gestation) is still worrying for the mother and clinician. In a retrospective study that compared the management and outcome of 103 singleton pregnancies delivered between 32 and 36 weeks' of gestation with 103 age-matched controls that delivered at term, a short inter-pregnancy interval, early pregnancy bleeding, pre-labour spontaneous rupture of membranes, a history of pre-term delivery and Asian race or single marital status were found to be significant factors. The groups did not differ in parity, BMI, smoking status or history of miscarriages and terminations. Following a logistic regression analysis, the following emerged as risk factors for late pre-term delivery; a history of previous pre-term delivery (OR = 7.2; 95% CI 1.6 - 33.2), a short (<12 months) inter-pregnancy interval (OR = 4.1; 95% CI 2.2 - 7.5), early pregnancy bleeding (OR = 7.6; 95% CI 1.3 - 38.3) and pre-labour spontaneous rupture of membranes (OR = 13.3, 95% CI 3.1 - 55.2).

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Large babies and unplanned Caesarean delivery.

OBJECTIVE: The relationship between birth weight > or =4000 g and unplanned Caesarean delivery was examined. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study. SETTING: A district general hospital. POPULATION: Two thousand three hundred and ninety-three women who delivered babies weighing > or =2500 g. METHODS: The mode of delivery of babies who weighed > or =4000 g was compared with those who weighed between 2500 and 4000 g. Comparative analysis of data was followed by regression analysis of explanatory variables. The effect of increasing birth weight on unplanned Caesarean delivery was determined. RESULTS: Women who had an unplanned Caesarean were delivered at an earlier gestation (OR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.97; P = 0.007), and were more likely to be primiparous (OR 5.4, 95% CI 4.1-7.1; P = 0.0001). Further, women who had an unplanned Caesarean were more likely to have babies weighing > or =4000 g (OR = 2.24, 95% CI 1.61-3.12; P = 0.003). The odds of having an unplanned Caesarean were increased 16.9-fold with a previous Caesarean (95% CI 9.24-30.8; P = 0.001). When a previous Caesarean was combined with a baby weighing > or =4000 g, the odds of having an unplanned Caesarean increased 37.8 times (95% CI 18.8-75.8), compared to a woman who previously had a normal vaginal birth and a baby weighing between 2500 and 4000 g. CONCLUSION: Birth weight > or =4000 g is associated with more than a two-fold increased risk of an unplanned Caesarean delivery. The risk increased further (37.8 x) when a previous Caesarean delivery was combined with a birth weight > or =4000 g.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Interstitial cystitis.

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a debilitating chronic inflammatory disorder of the bladder. It affects predominantly middle-aged Caucasian women. The diagnosis, made from the combination of symptoms, cystoscopic findings and bladder biopsies, is often delayed in the gynaecology setting because of a low index of suspicion. The pathophysiology is incompletely understood, although mast cell activation, altered bladder epithelial permeability and sensory afferent nerve up-regulation are thought to play key roles. Recent theories include the role of an antiproliferative factor. A wide assortment of therapies is available and many more are under trial. Until the causes and pathogenesis of IC are unraveled, mainstream medical treatment will remain palliative and cystectomy with urinary diversion, the only potential cure. In addition to our long experience on managing this disorder, we present a comprehensive review of the current thoughts on the aetiology and management of IC.

Cystitis, Interstitial↗
PubMed2003

Autotransfusion for ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES: Clinical outcomes following the exclusive use of autotransfusion in the management of ruptured ectopic pregnancy are reviewed. METHODS: A MEDLINE search (1966-2002) for relevant articles documenting the exclusive use of autotransfusion, and data collection and analysis was made. RESULTS: There were 21 studies, 16 from developing and five from developed countries, involving 632 cases of ruptured ectopic pregnancies. Hypovolemic shock with significant hemoperitoneum (>500 ml) was the most common complication. The procedure was performed completely manually in developing countries and with the help of a device in developed countries. The mean volume of autotransfused blood was over 1000 ml, with mean hemoglobin levels ranging from 6 to 12.5 g/dl. Mean posttransfusion hemoglobin levels were higher than pretransfusion levels. There was one death, thought to be due to pulmonary embolism, and nine major and minor complications. CONCLUSIONS: Autotransfusion is useful in the management of ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗
PubMed2002

Interstitial cystitis coexisting with vulvar vestibulitis in a 4-year-old girl.

Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a disorder that is difficult to diagnose and is thought to be uncommon in children. We report the first case of IC coexisting with vulvar vestibulitis in a 4-year-old girl. She presented with urinary symptoms and pelvic and vulvar pain. Cystoscopic and histological investigation confirmed interstitial cystitis and vulvar vestibulitis. Gynecologists are often called upon to deal with symptoms referable to the genital tract. It is important to always include interstitial cystitis in the differential diagnosis of urinary symptoms associated with pelvic pain.

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic↗
PubMed2002

Simultaneous intrauterine and ovarian pregnancy following treatment with clomiphene citrate.

Heterotopic pregnancy is increasingly being diagnosed since the advent of assisted reproductive technology involving the use of superovulatory drugs and/or in-vitro fertilization and the availability of high-resolution ultrasound scans. There are reports of Heterotopic tubal pregnancies following clomiphene use. Heterotopic ovarian pregnancies are however rare. Clomiphene citrate, which is widely used in the primary care setting to treat anovulatory infertility, is felt safe. We present a case of heterotopic ovarian pregnancy following treatment with clomiphene citrate. The diagnosis and management of heterotopic ovarian pregnancy are also discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Primary postpartum haemorrhage.

Postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal death worldwide. In the developing countries, it is responsible for the death of about 125 000 women each year. Death from postpartum haemorrhage is eminently preventable. It is essential that first-line staff are able to prevent, make early diagnosis and provide prompt management of primary PPH. This article focuses on the prevention and management of primary PPH and highlights recent developments. Relevant current literature using the MEDLINE search strategy was examined.

Female↗
PubMed2002

Risk factors for placenta praevia in southern Nigeria.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk factors for placenta praevia in Ile-Ife, southern Nigeria. DESIGN: A prospective case control study. SETTING: A tertiary center--Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, southern Nigeria. SUBJECTS: One hundred and thirty six patients with confirmed placenta praevia constituted the cases. Controls consisted of one hundred and thirty six patients who delivered at term immediately after each indexed case and did not have placenta praevia. RESULTS: Cases and controls were similar in terms of twin deliveries (P = 0.72) and past history of uterine surgery (P = 0.47). After adjusting for confounders, factors associated with risk of placenta praevia were history of retained placenta [OR = 6.7(95% CI 1.2-36.6)], previous caesarean section [OR = 4.7, (95% CI 1.9-11.4)], previous abortion [OR = 2.9 (95% CI 1.1-5.1)], grand multiparity [OR = 2.1 (95% CI 1.6-7.1)] and age over 35 years [OR = 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-6.6)]. CONCLUSIONS: From our study, the risk factors for placenta praevia are a history of retained placenta, previous caesarean section, previous abortion, grand multiparity and maternal age over 35 years.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2001

Intraoperative blood salvage and autotransfusion in the management of ruptured ectopic pregnancy: a review.

OBJECTIVE: To review the role of intraoperative blood salvage and autologous blood transfusion in the management of ruptured ectopic pregnancy. DATA SOURCES: A complete review of relevant current and old literature using the MEDLINE search strategy. STUDY SELECTION: Papers were selected for their relevance to the topic. Preference was for use of blood salvage and autotransfusion in ectopic pregnancy. Other related studies dealing with the use of intraperitoneal blood were also reviewed. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Papers were read and analysed. The information on the properties of intraperitoneal blood, the indications, contraindications, complications as well as the techniques for its use were synthesised for the current article. CONCLUSION: Based on reviewed information, intraoperative blood salvage and autotransfusion is a simple, effective and safe method of blood replacement. Its use should be of primary consideration in the management of ruptured ectopic pregnancy.

Blood Transfusion, Autologous↗