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Biomedical subjects

D O Davis

Publications and source records attributed to D O Davis.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Physician attitudes toward the competence of general diagnostic radiologists: survey and implications.

Responses to a questionnaire were obtained from 1,539 physicians in 15 medical specialties to measure their attitudes toward general diagnostic radiologists in regard to their medical knowledge and professional competence as consultants. The data were evaluated in terms of the demographic profile of the respondents. Among the detailed results obtained, it was determined that only 8.1% of all physicians believe general diagnostic radiologists are poorly informed about disease processes, but 25% believe that these radiologists need more subspecialty training to be valuable as consultants to them. Physicians who do their own radiographic/sonographic examinations believe general diagnostic radiologists to be unimportant twice as often as do physicians who refer their patients to radiologists (28.2% vs. 14.5%). Most physicians (78%) believe that diagnostic radiologists perform unique functions in hospitals, while only 38% believe this to be true in the office setting. Consistent with this is that physicians practicing primarily in hospitals believe diagnostic radiologists need more training than do the primarily office-based physicians (29.6% vs. 16.8%). Of the specialists surveyed, orthopedic surgeons, neurosurgeons, cardiologists, and neurologists consistently had the lowest opinion of general diagnostic radiologists as consultants. In each of these specialties, less than 30% believed that general diagnostic radiologists are indispensable in the hospital setting. Also, younger (less than 45 years) physicians feel less dependent on general diagnostic radiologists than do older physicians. For example, twice as many younger physicians (17.3% vs. 7.9%) believe that diagnostic radiologists perform few or no unique functions which they cannot do themselves.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1982

Digital subtraction angiography and dynamic computed tomography in the evaluation of arteriovenous malformations and hemangioblastomas of the spinal cord.

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and dynamic computed tomography (DCT) were used in the evaluation of five patients with surgically approachable vascular lesions of the spinal cord, including three arteriovenous malformations (AVM), one hemangioblastoma, and one lesion with a questionable radiographic-surgical diagnosis (AVM? hemangioblastoma?). Digital subtraction angiography was positive in three of the five cases and was particularly informative in the patient with hemangioblastoma, even vis a vis arteriography, which is considered the definitive diagnostic test for these lesions. Dynamic computed tomography was positive in four of the five cases. From this preliminary study, DSA and DCT appear to be useful screening and follow-up procedures which, in a number of aspects, complement each other.

Angiography↗
PubMed1981

Cranial computed tomography in the evaluation of neurologic disorders in two nonhuman primates.

Cranial computed tomography (CCT) was used to evaluate neurologic disorders in 2 primates. In the 1st case, acute left hemiparesis developed in an adult female proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). A CCT scan revealed a right frontal lobe abscess that was subsequently surgically drained. In the 2nd case, a juvenile black spider monkey (Ateles fusciceps) experienced recurrent seizures following an episode of trauma and anoxia. A CCT scan demonstrated enlarged lateral ventricles and cerebral atrophy. Computed tomography proved to be a valuable technique for localizing and characterizing brain lesions in these 2 primates, after more conventional methods of investigation had failed to establish diagnoses.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

CT for headache: cost/benefit for subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Nationwide cost and benefit was estimated for performing computed tomography (CT) on headache patients in the hope of discovering a specific finding, subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case finding costs were estimated using a previously published survey of CT use at a university hospital where, of 258 headache patients scanned, two had subarachnoid bleeding due to ruptured aneurysms. The incidence and natural history of ruptured aneurysms from a large-scale clinical trial and the outcome of surgery from the recent literature were used in the calculations. The results ranged from a worst case calculation of $24,713/year and $543,688/person saved (ignoring all other diagnoses) to a best case calculation of $1,999/year and $43,975/person assuming that other positive diagnoses were of equal outcome to ruptured aneurysms. The analysis, using a technique recommended as a model for future determinations of this type, also demonstrated that a most important variable in determining costs is the case finding rate. If there is a need to improve the use of new diagnostic technologies, such as CT, concentration should be on the identification of the characteristics of high-yield patient groups.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗
PubMed1981

Multiple abscesses of the brain. Case report.

A case of multiple brain abscesses is presented. The patient was treated with systemic antibiotics; one of the lesions acutely increased in size, became life-threatening, and was surgically removed. The patient continued with antibiotic treatment, and the remaining brain abscesses completely disappeared. Recent followup review almost 2 years after diagnosis demonstrated no evidence of recurrence.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cortical blindness after cerebral angiography. Case report.

A case of cortical blindness after cerebral angiography is presented. Serial computerized tomography scans of the brain revealed persistence of contrast medium in occipital visual areas as well as areas that may have been associated with "focal seizures" that occurred after angiography. This case supports the concept that cortical blindness may be secondary to the direct effect of contrast medium on the brain. The persistence of contrast material was in part due to decreased renal function.

Blindness↗
PubMed1980

Canine anatomy as assessed by computerized tomography.

Computerized tomographic studies of normal canine anatomy were obtained, using a whole body scanner. The regions of interest were head and neck, thorax, and abdomen and pelvis. Scans were compared with gross transverse sections from one euthanatized dog. Identification and labeling of anatomic structures were aided by reference to recognized texts of canine anatomy.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Acute isodense epidural hematoma on computed tomography.

Computed tomography (CT) has proven to be invaluable in the diagnosis of craniocerebral injuries. Acute epidural hematomas have been described as having a characteristic appearance on CT of a lenticular shaped area of blood density most commonly situated over the cerebral convexity. This case demonstrates an acute epidural hematoma that is essentially isodense with brain tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Cranial CT findings in patients with meningomyelocele.

The association between meningomyelocele and various cranial abnormalities, particularly Chiari II malformation is well established. Cranial CT scans in 47 patients with meningomyelocele proved to be a safe and effective method of elucidating the type and extent of anatomic abnormalities associated with this disorder, and evaluating and following the degree of hydrocephalus seen in these patients. Of the 47 patients, 43 (92%) showed CT findings indicative of an abnormally low fourth ventricle, the hallmark finding in Chiari II malformation. In 67% the fourth ventricle was not visualized, and in 25% it was directly visualized in an abnormally caudal position. Other findings included hydrocephalus (85%), a striking and possibly unique heart-shaped psuedomass in the posterior fossa (58%), and abnormal configuration of the lateral ventricles ("vampire bat" configuration). Calvarial abnormalities, in particular lacunar skull, were also noted at CT.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Subdural hematomas: an unusual appearance on computed tomography.

It may at times be difficult to separate supra- from infratentorial and intra- from extraaxial pathology on the basis of axial transverse computed tomography (CT) scans. Coronal CT scans may be quite useful in more accurate localization of compartments. Three head injured patients with subdural hematomas were studied with axial transverse CT scans. In addition to the typical appearance of subdural hematomas, unusually shaped areas of increased attenuation were noted in the region of the tentorium cerebelli separate from the mass of the subdural collection. Coronal scans confirmed the supratentorial, extraaxial collection as an extension of the subdural hematoma into the supratentorial subdural space.

Cerebral Ventriculography↗
PubMed1978

Utilization and cost-effectiveness of cranial computed tomography at a university hospital.

This study prospectively surveyed the utilization of cranial computed tomography (CCT) at The George Washington University Hospital over a 12-month period. Of 3,070 CCT scans studied, 1,098 (35%) resulted in a positive clinically important diagnosis for an overall case finding cost of $800. Within each of 25 individual indications for scanning, classified on the basis of the patient's most specific sign or symptom, case finding costs varied from a low of $411 for patients in coma to $3,500 for patients with headaches as their only indication for CT scanning. Within two diagnostic categories, malignant brain tumors and cerebral aneurysms, there was significant agreement (p less than 0.001) between the prescanning diagnosis and the result on CCT. Overall there was also close agreement (correlation coefficient = 0.706) between the rank listing of the 25 indications for scanning compiled prior to CCT with that obtained after the scanning results were known.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Scleral thickening: a CT sign of orbital pseudotumor.

Orbital pseudotumor is a benign inflammatory lesion of the orbit. Computed tomography is a new method for evaluation of orbits. Scleral uveal rim thickening with contrast enhancement was found in eight of 15 patients with pseudotumor (53%). Similar rim thickening was seen in one postoperative patient and two cases of recent trauma. Therefore, the sign presumably represents inflammation. It was not seen in 47 cases of thyroid disease and 66 cases of neoplasm.

Bone Diseases↗