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Biomedical subjects

D Nutbeam

Publications and source records attributed to D Nutbeam.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

England and Wales: perspectives in school health.

The main roots of health care and health education for young people in the United Kingdom are described. Contributions of the National Health Service to health screening and developmental assessment are described, primarily through the function of school health services. The development and future potential for effective school health education also is considered in the light of the impending introduction of a new national curriculum. The evaluation of the concept of the "health promoting school" is highlighted as a key area for future development, together with more emphasis on achieving a balance between health enhancement and educational outcomes to school health education. Greater priority for evaluation of school health education also is advocated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Understanding childrens' health behaviour: the implications for health promotion for young people.

Understanding the causes and determinants of young people's health behaviour is central to the development of relevant and effective health promotion programmes. This paper traces the development of health education programmes in the past two decades, identifying the influence of a range of concepts and theories which emerged during that period. Drawing on results from a WHO Cross-National Study of children's health behaviour, the relationships between individual behaviours and a range of social and environmental influences are illustrated, together with the inter-relationship between individual behaviours as 'lifestyles'. The implications for health education programmes from the results are identified and special emphasis is given to the need to communicate effectively with young people through a range of networks and through the media, as well as through traditional school health education. The need to continue research into 'lifestyles' is also stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Public knowledge and attitudes to AIDS.

Three independent cross-sectional surveys of public knowledge and attitudes about AIDS were conducted on a representative sample of people aged 15-54 resident in Wales. 1,303 were interviewed in their homes in February 1987, 683 in September 1987 and 676 in March 1988. The results show that most people knew that having sexual intercourse or sharing needles with people with AIDS represented a high risk of catching AIDS. However there appeared to be considerable misunderstanding about the nature of HIV infection such that one in three thought that a man and woman with a single heterosexual partner was at high or moderate risk of catching AIDS. The high level of concern coupled with considerable confusion appears to have contributed to both unnecessary anxiety and prejudice. One in four people thought that kissing or being spat on by a person with AIDS represented a high or moderate risk, and one in six thought that coughing, sneezing and sharing towels, soap, drinking utensils or lavatory seats were routes of transmission. More than 50% of men and 40% of women said that it was their own fault if homosexuals and drug addicts got AIDS and did not feel sorry for them. It is concluded that action to date to limit the spread of AIDS has informed but not yet adequately educated the public. If unwanted anxieties and prejudice are to be diminished, initiatives by government, health services and others must now concentrate on developing understanding about the nature of HIV infection and its spread through more personal education.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1988

Blood pressure and blood lead in surveys in Wales.

The association between blood pressure and blood lead level was examined in two population surveys in Wales. In a survey of 1,721 male and female subjects throughout the principality, there was evidence of a marked relation of blood pressure with age, but when this was removed no residual association with blood lead remained. In a survey of 1,164 older men in Caerphilly, there was no evidence of an association between blood lead and either resting blood pressure or the rise in blood pressure during a cold pressor test.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The Dorset Get-Fit Campaign--community fitness testing programme.

A pilot programme promoting fitness and exercise was launched through the local media in the Bournemouth area. The aim was to study the feasibility and effectiveness of a fitness testing programme as a trigger to increase exercise participation. Three hundred and eighty adult volunteers (male and female, all ages) undertook a sub-maximal fitness test and were given advice on exercise and diet by trained counsellors. Two hundred and eighty-five (75%) completed a second, follow-up fitness test, four months later. The results were very encouraging. Almost all of those classified as being unfit at the first test had exercised more frequently and made great improvements in physical fitness by the second test (p less than 0.01). Similarly, most of those who were overweight made substantial weight reductions during the course of the campaign (p less than 0.01). The majority of the group also made important changes in their diet. There appears to be sufficient interest in the general population to recruit people of all ages and fitness levels to join in fitness promotion programmes, but drop-out rates may be appreciative. On the basis of these findings it is proposed that fitness testing is an acceptable and helpful trigger to increased physical activity for both males and females of all ages. Such an increase in exercise appears to result in important improvements in fitness and, in combination with dietary modification, favourable reductions in weight. Further work should now be conducted in the form of controlled trials to compare the costs and effectiveness of fitness testing programmes with other methods of raising exercise levels in the community.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Prevention in practice: what Wessex general practitioners are doing.

A random sample of 214 general practitioners in the Wessex region was invited to complete a postal questionnaire about the practice of preventive medicine and 90% replied. This inquired into their attitude and behaviour towards smoking and accident prevention, promoting exercise, and controlling obesity and hypertension. The results were generally encouraging. Most recognised their key role in health promotion and health education and their shared responsibility with other professionals. Many had made progress in smoking prevention and control of obesity and hypertension. Promoting exercise and accident prevention left room for improvement. The availability of information in patients' records to identify and monitor problem areas was particularly lacking. We conclude that further progress might be achieved by better training of general practitioners, and developing information systems orientated towards promoting health. The team approach in primary care needs to be strengthened. In particular extending the role of the health visitor and practice nurse may provide the support so vital for the successful outcome of preventive initiatives. Community unit management teams need to consider carefully how they may encourage advances in health promotion in primary care.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1984

Health education in the National Health Service: the differing perceptions of community physicians and health education officers.

Community physicians and health education officers (HEOs) are the two key health professionals with a particular responsibility for the delivery of health education services to the community. For this reason it is important that they achieve some measure of consensus in terms of the aims, objectives and methods employed by such a service. The results of a study based on a questionnaire and detailed interviews with both groups, indicate that this consensus is rarely achieved. It shows that community physicians and HEOs have important differences of opinion in a number of key areas, including both the level of intervention and methods employed in health education.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗