Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Nochy

Publications and source records attributed to D Nochy.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Mesangial IgA deposits in two patients with AIDS-related complex.

Two patients with AIDS-related complex who presented with renal failure and microscopic hematuria were found to have mesangial deposits of IgA at renal biopsy. Though such glomerular deposits have not yet been reported in patients with HIV infection, their occurrence is most likely not coincidental. Indeed, there are striking similar abnormalities in patients with primary IgA nephropathy and in those infected with HIV. A careful screening for microscopic hematuria may lead to disclose further cases of mesangial IgA deposits in patients with HIV infection.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed1988

HgC12 induces T and B cells to proliferate and differentiate in BN rats.

Mercuric chloride induces in Brown-Norway (BN) rats an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of various autoantibodies and by a marked increase in the IgE serum concentration. This agent is responsible for a T dependent polyclonal activation of B cells, which is probably due to the emergence of autoreactive T cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HgCl2 injections on lymphoid organs and on the serum concentration of the various Ig isotypes. HgCl2 induced (1) a lymphoproliferation in spleen and lymph nodes involving B and T helper cells while the number of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells was not modified, (2) an increase in the number of Ig containing cells resulting in a rise in all serum Ig isotypes, and (3) an early thymic atrophy probably immunologically mediated, which was not involved in the induction phase of the disease since adult thymectomy had no effect. These findings demonstrate that the polyclonal effect of HgCl2 is not isotype-restricted although the IgE response is predominantly affected and they support evidence for a major role for an excess of T help in the HgCl2-induced polyclonal activation of B cells. It was also observed that B cell areas are present in normal BN rat thymuses, the potential role of which in the induction of autoimmunity remains to be investigated.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Distinct phenotypic composition of diffuse interstitial and perivascular focal infiltrates in renal allografts: a morphometric analysis of cellular infiltration under conventional immunosuppressive therapy and under cyclosporine A.

Phenotypic analysis of interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrates was undertaken in 40 transplant renal specimens obtained from 38 patients in order to assess the influence of immunosuppressive therapy. Thirteen patients were given conventional immunosuppressive treatment (azathioprine and prednisone) and the other 25 received cyclosporine. The immunostaining was performed using seven antileucocyte antibodies by alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase method. Interstitial infiltrates were distributed in two patterns: diffuse infiltrates and periglomerular/perivascular aggregates. The phenotypic composition was distinct in these two patterns: in diffuse infiltrates, monocytes/macrophages (EBM 11) represented the predominant inflammatory cell and were associated with a minor component of T cells (T 11). In contrast, aggregates had a major T lymphocyte phenotype in addition with few foci of B cells. T4 subset of T lymphocytes always predominated over T8 subset. The repartition and the proportion of each cell type were not significantly different in rejecting and not rejecting grafts and were not affected by the immunosuppressive regimen.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Consequences of renal morphologic damage induced by inhibition of converting enzyme in rat renovascular hypertension.

The consequences of morphologic changes in the kidney distal to a stenosis induced by chronic administration of a converting enzyme inhibitor were determined after induction of experimental renovascular hypertension in rats. The relationship between changes in morphology in the clipped kidney and diuresis, creatinine, and mortality was studied by converting a two-kidney, one-clip model into a one-kidney, one-clip model after 1 month of converting enzyme inhibition. The right renal artery was constricted with a clip of 0.2 mm diameter to increase blood pressure, the left kidney was left untouched. After 1 month, systolic blood pressure had increased to 173 +/- 27 mm Hg in the clipped animals (n = 47) compared with 139 +/- 8 mm Hg in sham-operated animals (n = 15; group 1). An inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, MK421 (2 mg/kg, po), or an equivalent volume of vehicle was then administered daily for 1 month. After treatment with the converting enzyme inhibitor, blood pressure (148 +/- 28 mm Hg) was virtually identical with that of a sham-operated, vehicle-treated control group (145 +/- 16 mm Hg, n = 15), and was significantly lower than that of untreated hypertensive rats (186 +/- 30 mm Hg, n = 17) (group 2). The weight of the left kidney was increased in the untreated hypertensive animals as compared with sham-operated controls (1260 +/- 168 mg for group 2 versus 1075 +/- 100 mg for group 1). After treatment with MK421, the weight of the contralateral kidney (1472 +/- 190 mg) was further increased. After 1 month of treatment with MK421 or vehicle, the unclipped left kidney was removed from all animals. The treated animals were then randomly divided into two groups: one in which treatment with MK421 was stopped (treated/untreated, n = 24; group 3) and a second in which the treatment was continued (treated/treated, n = 23; group 4). The ability of the rats to excrete a water load of 15 ml was then examined 12 hours after removal of the unclipped left kidney. In the two groups of treated rats, the urinary excretion of the water load was decreased and frequency of oliguria was increased as compared with controls and hypertensive untreated rats. Survival rates were affected by the treatment: 3 deaths occurred in the hypertensive untreated group 2, 10 in the treated/untreated group 3, and 12 in the treated/treated group 4. The majority of these deaths could be attributed to renal insufficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Glomerulonephritis, B monoclonal small lymphocytic lymphoma and mixed cryoglobulinemia.

A novel association in the same patient with small lymphocytic lymphoma, type II cryoglobulinemia and glomerulonephritis is reported. This case is also characterized by a quite unusual sequence of glomerular alterations. A first renal biopsy showed severe endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis due to monocytic infiltration without any evidence of deposition of immune reactants. The immune deposits associated with type II cryoglobulinemia were only observed at a second renal biopsy performed five months later. This case shows that mononuclear cells can be responsible in and of themselves for severe glomerular damage, without deposition of immune material, and suggests that monocytic infiltration might be the first stage of type II cryoglobulinemia associated glomerulonephritis.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1987

Enhanced glomerular procoagulant activity and fibrin deposition in rats with mercuric chloride-induced autoimmune nephritis.

The mechanism involved in glomerular fibrin deposition was investigated during mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced autoimmune glomerulonephritis in the Brown Norway rat. To ascertain whether the local hemostatic system was activated secondarily to the immunological conflict, the ability of glomerular lysates to induce coagulation in vitro was assessed in treated and control rats. Glomerular procoagulant activity (PCA) of HgCl2-injected rats was measured on day 12 (latent phase of the disease), day 20 (acme), and days 32 and 42 (recovery phase) after the first mercury injection. PCA rose 3-fold (p less than 0.02) at day 20 and then almost returned to control values. Proteinuria, PCA, and the incidence of glomerular fibrin deposits peaked concomitantly at day 20. Glomerular PCA was characterized as thromboplastin. The number of Ia positive cells detected by monoclonal OX-6 antibody was not different from the control number at any phase of the disease; the number of macrophages per glomerular section detected by electron microscopy at day 20 in HgCl2-injected rats was 1.80 +/- 0.60, versus 0.30 +/- 0.11 in the controls. No correlation was found between glomerular PCA and either the number of monocytes/macrophages or of Ia-positive cells present in the glomeruli. Since glomerular PCA was maximal at the onset of fibrin formation in the glomeruli and then decreased toward its basal level, and since the fibrin disappeared, it is concluded that increased production of thromboplastin by glomeruli, with activation of the extrinsic coagulation pathway, may contribute to intraglomerular fibrin deposition in HgCl2-induced glomerulonephritis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Extramembranous glomerulopathy in chronic B lymphoid leukemia. 5 years' follow-up].

A nephrotic syndrome due to membranous nephropathy and B chronic lymphocytic leukemia were simultaneously discovered in a 52 year old patient. Proteinuria was significantly reduced with chlorambucil therapy and nephrotic syndrome disappeared. Treatment withdrawal for 5 months resulted in a significant lowering of serum albumin level, while blood lymphocyte count increased. These observations indicate a probable causal relationship between the lymphoproliferative disease and the onset of the glomerulopathy which is supported by the efficacy of the chemotherapy on the evolution of the nephrotic syndrome.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical demonstration of parietal epithelial cells and macrophages in human proliferative extra-capillary lesions.

The cellular composition of crescents in diffuse crescentic glomerulonephritis is still controversial. Ten renal biopsies were studied on serial sections by using antikeratin antibodies as specific markers of epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule and both anti-macrophage and anti-lymphocyte antibodies. Semiautomatic morphometry showed that cellular crescents consisted of epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule (24-61%), of macrophages (19-34%) and of unlabelled cells (12-53%). In each biopsy, parietal epithelial cells outnumbered macrophages within crescents.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1986

Effects of antihypertensive treatment in one-clip, two kidney hypertension in rats.

In order to investigate the consequences of antihypertensive therapy on hormonal and renal parameters in one-clip, two kidney renovascular hypertension, we compared the effects of converting enzyme inhibition (CEI) with those of tripletherapy (clonidine, dihydralazine and furosemide) in this experimental model in rats. The treatment period was initiated four weeks after application of the clip and was continued for five weeks. In plasma, renin was increased and renin substrate was negatively correlated to plasma renin. Hypertension was associated with activation of the renin angiotensin system in both plasma and kidney. The degree of activation of the renin-angiotensin system in the clipped kidney and its suppression in the unclipped kidney was evaluated by two methods, renal renin content and semi-quantification of juxtaglomerular hyperplasia by immunofluorescent renin. These two methods were correlated. During the treatment period, average systolic blood pressure was 144 +/- 13 mmHg in the CEI treated group (HT1) which was not significantly different from the value found in the sham-operated group (139 +/- 4 mmHg; C2). Blood pressure, however, was lowered only to 173 +/- 18 mmHg in the group treated with tripletherapy (HT2). In control hypertensive animals, the wt of the clipped kidney did not decrease whereas significant hypertrophy was present in the unclipped kidney. Tripletherapy did not alter this relationship, whereas converting enzyme inhibition decreased kidney wt in the clipped kidney and increased further the hypertrophy of the contralateral unclipped kidney. A histological examination revealed that hypertensive microangiopathy was a predominant feature in the unclipped kidney of the untreated hypertensive group and of the group treated with tripletherapy, these lesions were completely absent in the CEI treated group. In the CEI treated group, however, ischemic lesions during this treatment were found to be decreased in the contralateral unclipped kidney and increased in the clipped kidney by comparison with untreated hypertensive rats. These renal lesions observed in the clipped kidney were most likely related to the normalization of blood pressure or to a disturbance of intrarenal mechanisms normally mediated by the renin-angiotensin system during stenosis of a renal artery.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMed1986

In vitro myotrophic effect of serum kappa chain immunoglobulins from a patient with kappa light chain myeloma and muscular hypertrophy.

Muscle hypertrophy due to enlarged muscle fibers was accompanied by kappa light chain myeloma in a 62-yr-old man. Immunofluorescence showed kappa light chain deposits around muscle fibers. We hypothesized that a circulating growth factor may be involved in the pathogeny of this muscular hypertrophy. Patient serum cultured with muscle cells showed that (a) the patient's serum exhibited a trophic effect on human muscle cells in culture, (b) this trophic effect increased the differentiation and did not influence the proliferation of human muscle cells, and (c) the fraction of the patient's serum immunoadsorbed on antihuman kappa chain antibodies exhibited the same in vitro effect on the muscle cells, whereas the fraction immunoadsorbed on antihuman lambda chain antibodies did not. These results support the hypothesis that the patient's kappa light chains have a specific enhancing effect on human muscle cell differentiation, perhaps leading to an acquired muscular hypertrophy.

Cell Differentiation↗