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Biomedical subjects

D Nielson

Publications and source records attributed to D Nielson.

7 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Health-related consequences of physical and sexual violence: women in the military.

OBJECTIVES: To identify differences in health-related quality of life among women veterans who were raped, physically assaulted (not in the context of rape or domestic violence), both, or neither during military service. METHODS: We did a cross-sectional telephone survey of a national sample of 558 women veterans who served in Vietnam and subsequent eras of military service. A stratified survey design selected subjects according to era of service and location. The interview included socioeconomic information, lifetime violence history, the Women's Military Environment Survey to assess women's military experiences, and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 to assess health-related quality of life. RESULTS: Five hundred thirty-seven women completed the interview. Half (48%) experienced violence during military service, including rape (30%), physical assault (35%), or both (16%). Women who were raped or dually victimized were more likely to report chronic health problems, prescription medication use for emotional problems, failure to complete college, and annual incomes less than $25,000 (P <.05). Women who were physically assaulted or raped reported significantly lower health-related quality of life (P <.05). Those who had both traumas reported the most severe impairment, comparable to women with chronic illnesses. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the sequelae of violence against women are an important public health concern. More than a decade after rape or physical assault during military service, women reported severely decreased health-related quality of life, with limitations of physical and emotional health, educational and financial attainment, and severe, recurrent problems with work and social activities.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Improved method for deep thoracoscopic lung nodule excision.

Minimally invasive excision of deep lung nodules can be difficult partly because endoscopic staplers do not open wide enough. We describe a method in which a standard atraumatic straight clamp compresses the lung to allow placement of the stapler without difficulty.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

The relationship of Oxytropis sericea (green and dry) and Astragalus lentiginosus with high mountain disease in cattle.

All calves fed locoweed (green and dry Oxytropis sericea Nutt and dry Astragalus lentiginosus Dougl) at high elevation developed clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions of congestive right heart failure. Clinical signs and microscopic lesions of locoweed intoxication were also evident. Control calves did not develop the clinical signs, gross or microscopic lesions demonstrated in the locoweed fed calves.

Altitude Sickness↗
PubMed1980

Continuous measurements of skin surface oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in obstructive sleep apnea.

We have found that skin surface electrodes for continuously measuring oxygen (PSO2) and carbon dioxide (PSCO2) tensions provide reliable means of determining whether infants with apnea due to airway obstruction during sleep require treatment. Nine patients referred for evaluation of aqnea during sleep were studied. In 6 patients with PSO2 less than 50 torr during sleep, the hypoxic episodes were clearly associated with partial or total airway occlusion as judged by increasing respiratory effort without concomitant airflow. PSCO2 was found to increase during the episodes of obstruction in all 6 patients. These patients were treated with 1. tracheotomy, 2. tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in 2 patients, 3. bilateral mandibular condylotomies, 4. pharyngeal flap release, and 5. discontinuing topical nasal decongestants. After treatment, all had decreased hypoxia, hypercarbia, or airway obstruction. Two of the remaining 3 patients had no alterations of PSO2 or PSCO2 associated with airway obstruction during sleep. The third exhibited hypoxia and hypercarbia secondary to central apnea. We conclude, therefore, that continuous monitoring of skin surface oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions is useful in evaluating children with obstructive sleep apnea.

Airway Obstruction↗
PubMed1978

The role of alveolar recruitment and de-recruitment in pressure-volume hysteresis in lungs.

Gil and Weibel (1972) have demonstrated the importance of alveolar recruitment at relatively low inflating pressures, which has also been noted by Klingele and Staub (1970). These findings are incorporated into a model of alveolar mechanics which presents a possible solution to the questions concerning the classical theory of PV hysteresis which are raised by the mercury filled lung and the Tween 20 rinsed lung experiments. A mathematical model was used to test the hypotheses and curves consistent with the experimental data are generated by a small computer. It is concluded that according to the model, the classical theory of PV hysteresis is valid under normal physiologic conditions but alveolar recruitment and de-recruitment become important factors in alveolar mechanics under conditions of alveolar instability.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insulin autoantibodies and insulin antibodies have similar binding characteristics.

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by immune-mediated destruction of the pancreatic beta cells. Insulin autoantibodies (IAAs) develop in many subjects at high risk for developing type 1 diabetes prior to onset of clinical disease and exposure to exogenous insulin, whereas insulin antibodies (IAs) commonly develop in patients treated with exogenous insulin. To investigate whether the binding characteristics of IAA and IA are similar, we measured eight different binding characteristics of IAAs from 19 insulin-naive first-degree relatives of type 1 diabetes patients and compared these to the binding characteristics of IAs from 19 type 1 diabetes patients treated with exogenous insulin. IAA and IA samples were matched for percentage insulin binding. Scatchard analysis revealed that IAAs have a two-slope representation similar to IAs-that is, two populations of antibodies, a high-affinity low-capacity population and a low-affinity high-capacity population. Binding properties of the two respective populations were found to be similar for IAAs and IAs. Sipps' equation was used to generate a Hill plot and produce an index of heterogeneity, which showed further similarity between IAAs and IAs. These results suggest that the IAAs found in subjects at increased risk for type 1 diabetes, like IAs, are likely to be polyclonal in nature. The similarities between IAAs and IAs support the hypothesis that both are induced by insulin presentation to the immune system.

Antibodies↗