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Biomedical subjects

D Naber

Publications and source records attributed to D Naber.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

Effects of elevated triiodothyronine on cognitive performance and mood in healthy subjects.

The acute effects of experimentally elevated triiodothyronine (T3) serum levels were investigated in 14 healthy male subjects. After oral application of 100 micrograms triiodothyronine on 3 consecutive days a battery of neuropsychological tests and rating scales for mood and bodily complaints were administered. Results show slight mood disturbances but no cognitive impairment caused by T3 level changes. Time intervals were estimated as being longer than in euthyroid state, and word production showed a trend to accelerate. It is concluded that the immediate effects of elevated circulating T3 on cognition and mood are merely discrete. More severe cognitive impairments reported in hyperthyroid patients are probably due to long-term effects on the brain.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1993

Metribuzin resistance in photoautotrophic Chenopodium rubrum cell cultures. Characterization of double and triple mutations in the psbA gene.

Sequence analysis of eight metribuzin-resistant mutants of photoautotrophic Chenopodium rubrum cell cultures revealed new mutations in the psbA gene coding for the 32 kDa herbicide binding protein. Mutants were found to possess either two or three changes in the amino acid sequence of the D1-protein between positions 219 and 272.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1993

EEG alterations and seizures during treatment with clozapine. A retrospective study of 283 patients.

In a retrospective study, 1863 EEG recordings made during clozapine treatment of 283 patients with normal pretreatment EEG evaluations were analyzed. Furthermore, they were compared to the EEGs of the same patients without clozapine (i.e., during other neuroleptic medication). Moreover, the data of all patients who had seizures during treatment with clozapine were evaluated in case reports. Classical clinical EEG evaluation criteria for normal versus abnormal were used (including diffuse slowing and grouped alterations according to Jung 1953 and Kugler 1983). Of the 283 patients investigated, 61.5% (174) showed at least one abnormal EEG under clozapine according to these criteria. Evaluating all recorded EEGs of these patients in order to get some longitudinal information, we found a rate of 53.4% abnormal EEG recordings during clozapine treatment. Most of the EEG changes were evaluated as slight (22.5%) to moderate (10.1%) diffuse slowing and some as groups of nonparoxysmal waves (39.8%) or sharp waves (16.2%) rendering the EEGs abnormal according to the above criteria. Potential signs of increased bioelectrical cerebral reagibility such as paroxysmal activity (4.3%) or severe diffuse slowing (0.2%) were rare. A nearly linear correlation with the daily dose was found in the range up to 300 mg clozapine/day for both diffuse and grouped alterations. Possibly due to selection, adaptive mechanisms/habituation, and/or other unknown factors, the rate of alterations decreased slightly at doses above 300 mg and rose again sharply for doses over 600 mg/d. Three of the clozapine-treated patients, equivalent to 1.1%, developed seizures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Age of onset in schizophrenia: relations to psychopathology and gender.

This retrospective study evaluated differences between patients with first manifestation of schizophrenic psychosis (ICD 295) or paranoid syndrome (ICD 297) between the ages of 18 and 23 or 40 and 63 years. Gender-specific variations in psychopathology were also examined. The numerous analyses of variance gave few significant differences. Patients with a late onset of the disease scored higher on depressive and autonomic syndrome scales at admission, whereas patients with an early onset showed more psychosocial impairment at discharge and their stay in hospital was longer. Among schizophrenic patients only (ICD 297 excluded), only the higher score for autonomic syndrome of the older patients at admission was confirmed. Men were more apathetic at admission and discharge than were women. Excluding patients with a paranoid syndrome, these differences were again significant. Moreover, schizophrenic men had higher depressive and psycho-organic syndrome scores at discharge. The demonstration of only marginal differences between early- and late-onset schizophrenia does not support the assumption that age of onset markedly influences psychopathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Paranoid psychosis in a patient with hypothyroidism and vitamin B12 deficiency].

The case of a 39 year old in-patient with a paranoid syndrome is presented. During the course of examination, a vitamin B12 deficiency as well as a hypothyreosis were found, which seemed to have a common cause in an autoimmune disease. The paranoid symptoms disappeared completely under treatment with vitamin B12 and thyroid hormones. Moreover, the neuropsychological deficit improved markedly. The relationship between psychiatric symptoms and organic disease, and also the differential diagnosis, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

HIV-related ocular microangiopathic syndrome and cognitive functioning.

Ocular microangiopathic syndrome is found frequently in patients with AIDS or severe HIV infection. Symptoms of this microvascular syndrome can include cotton-wool spots, hemorrhages, and Roth's spots. The clinical and functional significance of HIV-related ocular microangiopathic syndrome has not been clarified as yet. The objective of this study was to evaluate a possible association between HIV-related ocular microangiopathic syndrome and cognitive functioning. Thirty-seven patients infected with HIV (24 with AIDS) underwent ophthalmological and neuropsychological examination. HIV-related ocular microangiopathic syndrome was measured by counting the number of cotton-wool spots in both eyes. Neuropsychological examination included five standardized tests, with the first three primarily measuring function of short-term memory; these tests were as follows: the Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, the Benton Test, the Stroop Colour Word Test, the Trail-Making Part B test, and the Vocabulary for Measuring Premorbid Intelligence test. HIV-related ocular microangiopathic syndrome was found in 15 patients with AIDS (62.5%), and in one patient, staged Walter Reed 5. In 10 patients, one eye was affected (mean count of cotton-wool spots 1.5). In six patients, both eyes were affected (mean count of cotton-wool spots 7.0). Univariate correlations between the number of cotton-wool spots in both eyes and test scores were as follows: Auditory-Verbal Learning Test: 0.56 (p < 0.001); Benton Test: 0.51 (p < 0.001); Stroop Colour and Word: 0.50 (p < 0.001); Trail-Making Part B: 0.15 (not significant); Vocabulary for Measuring Premorbid Intelligence: -0.05 (not significant). Multiple correlation between the test scores and the number of cotton-wool spots was 0.70 (p < 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Failure of buspirone and verapamil to improve spasmodic torticollis.

The effects of buspirone and verapamil on spasmodic torticollis were investigated in two double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover studies. Buspirone was given in doses of 20-100 mg/day for 4 weeks to 14 patients; verapamil was given in doses of 40-100 mg/day for 3 weeks to 8 patients. Neither drug improved symptoms of the movement disorder (posture, motility, rigidity, tremor), pain, perceived stress, or mood, either in the whole group or in any individual patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Clinical management of clozapine patients in relation to efficacy and side-effects.

Medical charts of 480 schizophrenic in-patients (581 treatments) were analysed to evaluate the efficacy and side-effects of clozapine. Clozapine treatment lasted for mean 49 (s.d. 38) days. Of the sample, 11.0% showed worsening or no change, 31.5% slight improvement, 53.0% marked improvement and 4.5% almost total reduction of symptoms. At least one major side-effect occurred in 68.0% of patients. A combination of clozapine with classical neuroleptics, antidepressants, benzodiazepines or lithium is tolerated by most patients, but increases the incidence of some side-effects. Clozapine treatment had to be discontinued because of severe side-effects in 8.6% of patients. In 81 schizophrenic out-patients, clozapine significantly reduced the days of in-patient treatment and number of hospital readmissions. Two patients developed leucopenia but had no complications after clozapine withdrawal. This study indicates a satisfactory benefit/risk ratio and compliance in most of the patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Remarkable improvement of neuropsychiatric symptoms in HIV-infected patients after AZT therapy.

Treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms with AZT (Azidothymidine) seems to be effective in many AIDS patients. In earlier studies, 204 of 525 patients treated with AZT showed neuropsychiatric improvement. In this presentation, two patients with affective disorder and dementia are described. Both patients showed remarkable improvement of their severe psychiatric symptoms after AZT. The authors recommend treatment of AIDS-associated dementia and psychoorganic symptoms with AZT.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1991

[Azidothymidine and the nervous system].

By December 1988 reports on 525 ARC- (AIDS-Related Complex) and AIDS-patients with neurological or neuropsychological signs treated with Zidovudine (AZT = 3'-Azido-2,3'Dideoxythymidine) had been published in literature. In 204 (38.8%) cases of HIV infection a temporary improvement in the neurological deficits was reported. Peripheral and central neurological side-effects were observed in 124 (23.6%) patients.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗
PubMed1991

Serum prolactin increase induced by ethanol--a dose-dependent effect not related to stress.

The effect of moderate ethanol doses (0.5 and 1 g/kg body weight) on serum prolactin (PRL), cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations was measured in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eight healthy male volunteers participated. Blood was with drawn twice before, and 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min after oral ethanol intake. The higher ethanol dose, but not the lower dose, significantly increased PRL concentrations. Concentrations of cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine were not changed by either dose. Thus, the effect of ethanol on PRL appears to be dose-dependent and not stress-related.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[HIV and nervous system manifestations: a review].

Since 1986 the notation Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is used for the retroviral agent of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). At the beginning of the therapeutical interest in the immunodeficiency syndrome have been primarily focussed in the internal complications. 1982 one reported for the first time about nervous system manifestations (NS-M) in HIV-patients; according to the latest reports NS-M are diagnosed in 39-63% of these patients. In this review all important aspects of the pathogenesis, clinic and therapy for the HIV-associated peripheric- and central-neurological (like e.g. acute and chronic meningitis/meningoencephalitis, dementia, opportunistic infections, polyneuropathies and myopathies) and psychiatric diseases are described.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗