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Biomedical subjects

D N Slater

Publications and source records attributed to D N Slater.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Pancreatic transplantation in the rat. Long-term study following different methods of management of exocrine drainage.

A major problem in pancreas transplantation is the management of exocrine drainage. Isotransplantation has been performed in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats using a microsurgical technique, and four methods of exocrine drainage have been compared over a nine-month period. The duct system was ligated, left open to drain into the peritoneal cavity, or obliterated with latex or with Ethibloc I occlusion gel. Biochemical follow-up included determinations of serum glucose concentration, intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests (GTTs), and insulin assays. Histological studies were performed at 1 and 9 months posttransplant. All animals became normoglycemic after the operation. Although 25 out of 28 remained normoglycemic throughout the period of study, oral GTTs performed at six months indicated impaired endocrine function in some of the ligated, freely draining, and Ethibloc I-obliterated animals. Latex-obliterated grafts showed normal oral GTTs up to 9 months postoperatively. Intravenous GTTs showed impairment of endocrine function in all groups, but this was least evident in the latex-obliterated rats. These changes were supported by the peak serum insulin levels during the GTTs. Histologically, long-term ligated, freely draining, and Ethibloc I-obliterated pancreas grafts showed similar degrees of exocrine degeneration, fibrosis, and disruption of islets of Langerhans. In contrast, long term latex-obliterated pancreas grafts demonstrated minimal exocrine tissue and intact islets.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Cold storage of the pancreas with a view to preservation of islet cell function following transplantation.

Three solutions, hyperosmolar citrate, modified Collins' C2, and Sacks' II solutions were compared as media for cold storage preservation (arterial infusion and subsequent cold storage in the same medium at 0-4 C) of the rat pancreas with a view to preservation of endocrine function. Pancreatic isotransplantation was performed following cold ischemic intervals of 0, 24, 30, and 36 hr, into streptozotocin-induced diabetic recipients. Results were assessed by normoglycemic survival and insulin response, together with K values following i.v. glucose tolerance tests at 3 months postoperatively; 24-hr preservation was achieved with equal success using modified Collins' C2 solution or hyperosmolar citrate-but not with Sacks' II solution. Preservation for 30 hr was consistently successful using modified Collins C2 solution only, but the period could not be extended with success to 36 hr. Hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia occurred 24 hr postoperatively in the majority of animals receiving grafts stored in Sacks' II solution, but to a much lesser extent using modified Collins' C2 and hyperosmolar citrate. This was also temporarily seen in grafts stored for 36 hr in modified Collins C2 solution. At 3 months postoperatively after 30 hr cold ischemia, i.v. glucose tolerance tests showed the hyperosmolar citrate cold-stored grafts had lower K values and significantly reduced insulin responses compared with grafts stored in modified Collins' C2 solution. The modified Collins' C2 solution proved to be the most effective of the three solutions tested.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy.

Six further cases of acute fatty liver of pregnancy are presented and discussed in relation to the world literature on this rare disease of pregnancy, the aetiology of which is still unknown. The importance of vomiting in late pregnancy is emphasized. A common feature seems to be a metabolic stress, possibly related to infection, which tips a susceptible liver into metabolic failure.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

The relationship between platelet and megakaryocyte volumes.

Planimetric megakaryocyte and nuclear areas were measured by histological techniques in rabbits subjected to 6 days of thrombocytopenia and in normal steady state function. A theoretical correction factor enables an estimate to be obtained of the actual megakaryocyte, megakaryocyte cytoplasm and nuclear volumes in these two states. The corresponding platelet volumes after 6 days of thrombocytopenia and in normal function were also measured. This enables the number of platelets produced by a single megakaryocyte (on average) to be computed directly in the two states of platelet production. The experiments showed that the volume of megakaryocyte cytoplasm increased significantly in stimulated platelet production. The number of platelets produced per megakaryocyte doubled and the mean platelet volume also increased during stimulated production. An explanation is given for the observed behaviour of platelet and megakaryocyte volumes.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Evidence for a theory of physical fragmentation of megakaryocytes, implying that all platelets are produced in the pulmonary circulation.

The mathematical description of a fragmentation mechanism which leads to log normal volume distribution is applied to platelet production from megakaryocyte cytoplasm. Large cytoplasmic fragments and whole megakaryocytes are released from the bone marrow into the circulation. Physical fragmentation of the cytoplasm occurs in the pulmonary circulation producing the observed heterogeneity of platelet volume. Experimental evidence is used to provide quantitative verification that physical fragmentation is the process which produces all platelets. With this theory the currently accepted concept of the predesignation of the platelet population by the demarcation membrane system in megakaryocyte cytoplasm becomes redundant.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Reticular erythematous mucinosis: light and electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and histochemical findings.

Five patients with reticular erythematous mucinosis were studied by skin biopsy and phototesting. Light microscopy showed a dermal mononuclear cell infiltrate (composed largely of lymphocytes), separation of collagen bundles and fragmentation of elastic fibres. Histochemical stains showed increased dermal mucin with a profile consistent with hyaluronic acid. In one case, the ultrastructural distribution of mucin was demonstrated using colloidal iron staining, electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. In two cases, virus-like tubular aggregates were identified in the cytoplasm of dermal endothelial cells and pericytes. Immunofluorescent staining for immunoglobulins, fibrin and complement was negative.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Herpesvirus colitis: a new cause of diarrhoea in a patient with Hodgkin's disease.

A 57 year old woman developed severe diarrhoea during chemotherapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma. Extensive colonic ulceration was observed at necropsy and electron microscopy showed intranuclear virions consistent with herpesvirus infection. Antibody titres and immunoperoxidase studies indicated that the virus was probably herpes simplex.

Colitis↗
PubMed1982

Diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis presenting as Fournier's gangrene.

Two patients with Fournier's gangrene are described. In each case this was the presenting clinical feature of diabetes mellitus with ketoacidosis. Histological examination demonstrated that the probable cause was intravascular fibrin deposition. The association between diabetes mellitus and Fournier's gangrene is discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Systemic candidiasis: diagnosis from cutaneous manifestations.

Three patients are described who developed systemic candidiasis. Each had either leukaemia or lymphoma, and developed a similar erythematous maculopapular rash which, in places, was purpuric. In the first patient the nature of the rash was not appreciated during life, but postmortem histology revealed candida within the lesions. In the other two patients, a diagnosis of systemic candidiasis was successfully established by skin biopsy. This paper emphasizes that a maculopapular rash can be relatively characteristic clinical manifestation of systemic candidiasis and that skin biopsy can be diagnostic.

Adolescent↗