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Biomedical subjects

D N Sinha

Publications and source records attributed to D N Sinha.

26 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Autoradiographic study of chick limb cartilage in vivo and in vitro and its response to mitomycin C (MMC).

Effect of mitomycin C on mucopolysaccharide synthesis by the cartilage cells of chick limb bud (5-9 days old) was investigated both in vivo and in vitro by the uptake study of 35S. Control specimens (both in vivo and in vitro) showed higher concentration of silver grains, mostly intercellular, in the initial stages. Hypertrophy of cartilage cells at later stages reduced the matrix, leading to a corresponding decrease in the accumulation of silver grains. In the treated groups, both in vivo and in vitro, the silver grains were found to be less in number during the initial stage of growth than in the corresponding controls, due to the suppressive effect of the mitomycin C. However, during the later period of growth, uptake of 35S was more in the matrix of treated specimens, which was apparently not reduced due to lack of hypertrophy of cartilage cells. The mechanism of the suppressive effect of mitomycin C seems similar in vivo and in vitro.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tobacco use among students in the eight North-eastern states of India.

OBJECTIVES: To obtain baseline information about prevalence of tobacco use among school children in eight states in the North-eastern part of India. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A two-stage probability sample of students in grades 8-10 corresponding to 13 to 15 years of age was selected in each state and surveyed through an anonymous, self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the sampled schools, the school response rate was 100% in all states except Tripura (92%) and Meghalaya (96%). Among the eligible students, over 80% participated in the survey. Among the respondents, the proportion of boys ranged between 50% to 55%. Ever tobacco users ranged from 75.3% (Mizoram) to 40.1% (Assam). Over 65% of users reported initiation at 10 years of age or earlier in all states except Mizoram (23.1%). The range of current tobacco use (any product) was 63% (Nagaland) to 36.1% (Assam). Current smokeless tobacco use ranged from 49.9% (Nagaland) to 25.3% (Assam). Mizoram reported the highest current smoking (34.5%, mainly cigarette) and Assam reported the lowest (19.7%, again mainly cigarette). Current smoking among girls (8.3% to 28.2%) was also quite high. Over half of current cigarette smokers (53.2% to 96.3%) and a high proportion of current smokeless tobacco users (38.5% to 80.8%) reported feeling like having tobacco first thing in the morning. Only about 20% of students reported having been taught in school about the dangers of tobacco use, except in Mizoram (around 50%). Tobacco use by parents and close friends was positively associated with students' current tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: Tobacco use including smoking was very high, even among girls, in all eight states in the North-eastern part of India. Signs of tobacco dependency were already visible in these students, more among those who smoked. In general schools did not educate students about the hazards of tobacco use.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tobacco use among school personnel in eight North-eastern states of India.

AIMS: To obtain baseline information about tobacco use prevalence, knowledge and attitude among school personnel in Eight North-eastern states of India (Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, and Tripura). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A sample of schools with probability proportional to the enrollment in grades 8-10. Anonymous self-administered questionnaire was used for all personnel working in the selected schools. RESULTS: The school response rate was 100% in all states except Meghalaya (96%) and Tripura (92%). Over 70% of school personnel participated in the survey, the proportion of men being 56% (Meghalaya) to 83% (Assam). The prevalence of daily smoking ranged from 25.9% (Mizoram) to 12.8% (Arunachal Pradesh) and of smokeless tobacco use from 57.8% (Mizoram) to 10.7% (Assam). Daily smoking among men and women was similar in five states but not in Arunachal Pradesh (men 15.0%, women 4.0%), Nagaland (men 18.7%, 5.0%), and Tripura (men 18.6%, women 0.4%). In four states cigarette was the most prevalent form of smoking (range 41% to 55%) whereas in other four states it was bidi (range 34% to 53%). Although the number of women was small, cigarettes smoking was reported more among women than men in four states: Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, and Nagaland. Over 50% of current smokeless tobacco users reported using betel quid in six states, except Mizoram (20%) and Sikkim (16%). CONCLUSION: Tobacco use among school personnel was high. High smoking rates reported by women were unexpected.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tobacco water: a special form of tobacco use in the Mizoram and Manipur states of India.

BACKGROUND: Tuibur and hidakphu are watery tobacco products made by passing tobacco smoke through water. These have neither been described in the health literature nor are there any reports of epidemiological studies on these products. We collected information on the use of these products in Mizoram and Manipur. METHODS: We conducted two surveys. In the first, we spoke to personnel involved in tobacco water manufacturing, marketing and sale. In the second, we carried out a house to house survey of adults on the attitude and behaviour towards the use of tobacco products in 25 randomly selected villages each in Aizawl district of Mizoram and Churchandpur district of Manipur. RESULTS: About 7% of persons surveyed in Aizawl (872 of 12 185) and Churchandpur (139 of 2137) used tobacco water, which is stored and sold in bottles. It is sipped and retained in the mouth for 5-10 minutes and then spat out. Among tobacco water users, about 90% of users in Churchandpur and about 40% in Aizawl sipped tobacco water more than 5 times a day. The use of other tobacco products in both districts was also high. CONCLUSION: The use of tobacco water has been a part of the culture of some communities in Mizoram and Manipur for a long time. These communities also have a very high incidence of tobacco use. To discourage the use of such tobacco products, these communities should be educated about the harmful effects of tobacco use on a priority.

Data Collection↗