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Biomedical subjects

D N Klein

Publications and source records attributed to D N Klein.

81 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Overinclusion and manic symptomatology in schizophrenics.

Examined the relationship between overinclusion and manic symptomatology in 46 schizophrenics using a reliable, structured research interview to assess symptomatology, and research diagnostic criteria to identify a subgroup of schizophrenics with concurrent manic syndromes. Of the three measures of overinclusive thinking employed in the study, only one significantly differentiated the schizoaffective and schizophrenic groups. Similarly, only one overinclusion test was correlated with the number of manic symptoms that patients exhibited. Finally, overinclusive and nonoverinclusive schizophrenics did not differ on specific manic signs and symptoms. Overinclusion also was unrelated to patients' overall levels of schizophrenic symptomatology. These results indicate that overinclusive thinking is related only weakly to manic symptomatology in schizophrenics, which suggests that this factor cannot account fully for the prognostic and cognitive benefits associated with overinclusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Premorbid adjustment and affective symptomatology in schizophrenia.

Because affective symptomatology and premorbid adjustment are both strongly associated with outcome in schizophrenia, recent investigators have suggested that these two variables may be related to one another. In order to test this hypothesis, 45 schizophrenics were interviewed and rated on standardized and reliable measures of affective symptomatology and premorbid adjustment. The results indicated that schizophrenics with concurrent affective syndromes did not differ from nonaffective schizophrenics on several indices of premorbid adjustment. In addition, only one of 22 affective signs and symptoms, depression, was significantly related to premorbid adjustment. These findings suggest that the good-poor premorbid dimension and the schizoaffective-schizophrenic distinction are largely independent, and that future prognostic studies should include measures of both variables in order to determine their relative and pooled predictive power.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Who participates in a family study?

Potential subject participation biases in a family study of outpatients with mood disorders and personality disorders (PDs) were explored at three levels: (1) differences between probands who granted permission to contact all relatives, those who gave permission to contact only a subset of relatives, and those who denied permission to contact any relatives; (2) differences between relatives whom the proband granted permission to contact and those whom the proband denied permission to contact; and (3) for the relatives who could be contacted, differences between those who agreed to participate and those who declined. Subjects included 156 outpatients with mood disorders and PDs and 611 of their first-degree relatives. Axis I and II disorders in probands and relatives were evaluated using structured diagnostic interviews. In addition, informant reports on relatives were obtained from family history (FH) interviews. Results indicated that probands who gave and who withheld consent to contact their relatives did not differ significantly on most variables. However, relatives whom we were not permitted to contact were significantly more likely to have drug abuse and PDs. Finally, of the relatives we were permitted to contact, there were few differences between those who participated in the study and those who refused to participate. These findings indicate that the greatest risk of sampling bias in family studies stems from probands' reluctance to grant access to relatives with drug abuse and PDs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The early--late onset distinction in DSM-III-R dysthymia.

DSM-III-R recently introduced early-late and primary-secondary subtypes of dysthymia. The present study explored the validity of the DSM-III-R early-late onset distinction by comparing early- and late-onset primary dysthymics on demographic, clinical and familial variables and short-term outcome. Compared to the late-onset dysthymics, the early-onset group had higher lifetime rates of superimposed major depressive episodes and anxiety disorders, had sought treatment significantly more frequently, had a higher rate of major affective disorders in first-degree relatives, and exhibited higher levels of depression throughout the course of a 6-month follow-up study. These data provide preliminary support for the validity of the DSM-III-R early-late onset distinction in dysthymia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Early- versus late-onset dythymic disorder: comparison in out-patients with superimposed major depressive episodes.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the validity of the early-late onset subtyping distinction in dysthymic disorder. METHODS: Participants were 340 out-patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for dysthymia and a concurrent major depressive episode (MDE). The sample was drawn from a 12-site double-blind randomized parallel group trial comparing the efficacy of sertraline and imipramine in the treatment of chronic depression. All patients received comprehensive evaluations using semi-structured interviews and rating scales. RESULTS: 73% of the sample met criteria for the early-onset, and 27% for the late-onset, subtype. The early-onset patients had a significantly longer index MDE, significantly higher rates of personality disorders and lifetime substance use disorders, and a significantly greater proportion had a family history of mood disorder. The subgroups did not differ in symptom severity or functional impairment at baseline, nor in response to a 12-week trial of antidepressants. LIMITATIONS: Further work is needed to extend these findings to dysthymic disorder without superimposed MDEs. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the distinction between early-onset and late-onset dysthymic disorder.

Adult↗