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Biomedical subjects

D N Collins

Publications and source records attributed to D N Collins.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.

The anterior interosseous nerve syndrome is a partial motor paralysis of the median nerve. Despite being well protected in the deep forearm, the nerve may be subject to traction and pressure phenomena occurring spontaneously or related to trauma. Forearm pain, fracture of an upper extremity, or the characteristic disturbance of pinch should alert the examiner to the possibility of a lesion of the anterior interosseous nerve. Function may be regained in some instances with conservative management. It is probably unwise to delay surgical exploration beyond eight to 12 weeks if the patient has shown no clinical or electromyographic signs of recovery. The prognosis for full return of function is good after surgical correction of the underlying problem.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1983

Anterior interosseous nerve avulsion.

A 19-year-old man with a fracture of the distal humerus avulsed the anterior interosseous nerve. Avulsion of this nerve may be more common than previously believed. As shown by a cadaver study, the mechanism of injury is related to traction on the median nerve. Complete clinical assessment requires an accurate neurological examination; specifically, the integrity of the anterior interosseous nerve is tested, and a characteristic disturbance of pinch is identified. By treatment with a free nerve graft it is possible to achieve full functional recovery.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas of the head and neck.

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, in both osseous and extra-skeletal forms, has a decided predilection for the head and neck region. The two cases presented in this report affirm this tendency and also illustrate the capricious biologic behavior of the neoplasms as manifested by the 30 additional cases recorded in the literature. Histopathologic confusion with hemangiopericytoma is avoided by identification of the cartilage component in the mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and by the undifferentiated nature of the cellular (non-cartilaginous) component.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Glycogen complexes in muscle in Reye's syndrome simulating virus-like particles.

Crystalline arrays of virus-like particles were present in the psoas muscle in six of eight autopsied cases of Reye's syndrome. These structures were concentrated in the perinuclear regions of peripheral muscle nuclei and were less abundant about the triad regions. The particles were stained by histochemical techniques for glycogen, and digestion with diastase resulted in removal of particles from these crystalline lattices. Virus-like particles were also present in crystalline arrays in psoas, quadriceps, and diaphragm muscles in six of eight autopsied cases of children and adults who died of diverse diseases. These configurations of glycogen in muscle appear to occur with the same frequency in various unrelated diseases and may be a cytochemical response to the generalized stress of disease. Recognition of their specific nature is important in differentiating them from viruses, especially in diseases of uncertain etiology.

Child↗
PubMed1975

Isolation of a new enterovirus (38506).

During 1972 an apparently new enterovirus with characteristics of the Coxsackievirus group A was isolated from 11 residents of New York State, 10 of whom had central nervous system disease. The representative strain S/Albany 1/72 has the physical and chemical properties of an enterovirus and causes the pathology typical for Coxsackievirus group A in 1-day-old mice. Cross-neutralization tests indicated that the virus is distinct from currently recognized enteric viruses of man. Antibody levels to the representative strain were moderate to high in patients and were low to moderate in 26% of healthy individuals tested.

Antigens, Viral↗
PubMed1971

Transplacental transmission of rubella virus infection in rabbits.

Rabbits were inseminated artificially and inoculated 1 week later with rubella virus. The attenuated vaccine strain HPV-77 or strain 67-1127 which had been through 12 cell culture passages was used. Half of the rabbits in each group had been inoculated 1 month prior to insemination with the corresponding strain. Evidence of infection induced by either strain was obtained by immunofluorescence in lung, spleen, and placenta. Rubella virus antigen was also found in the lung of a 2-month-old rabbit of a dam inoculated with strain 67-1127. A high rate of stillbirths and neonatal deaths and poor weight gain occurred in litters of the 67-1127 group.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sample size calculations for rescreening cytologic smears.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a method of calculating sample size if rescreening of cytologic material becomes necessary for legal or other reasons. The number of specimens to be reexamined must be large enough to provide adequate confidence in the results and small enough to minimize the cost of investigation. CONCLUSION: Except under very unusual conditions, the sample size is larger than generally thought.

Cell Biology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

False-positive and false-negative proficiency test results in cytology.

Proficiency tests in cytology classify a certain proportion of cytologists inaccurately. Some competent cytologists fail during the testing procedure ("false-negative proficiency test" or "type I error") while some individuals who should fail do pass the test ("false-positive proficiency test" or "type II error"). In other words, success or failure during proficiency testing may be the consequence of statistical chance. Calculations based on the binomial distribution are presented to show the seriousness of this problem. The analysis demonstrated that increasing the number of slides in the test sets does not necessarily improve the accuracy of the test. For instance, on the 90% ("borderline competent") level, raising the number of slides in one test set from 10 to 20 reduced the accuracy of the test by 6%.

Cell Biology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Proficiency testing in cytology in New York. Analysis of a 14-year state program.

A review of the first 14 years of the New York State Proficiency Testing Program in cytology shows the value of external quality-control evaluation based upon an established standard of performance as a prerequisite for licensure by a regulatory agency. Performance by participating laboratories has improved over the 14-year period. Hospital and independent laboratories had a higher pass rate than did state-run laboratories. Laboratories that did not employ cytotechnologists and performed fewer than 1,000 tests annually tended to have the lowest pass rates and consequently to undergo the most training before retesting and licensing. Overall, the predominant type of error, regardless of specimen type, was false negatives (underreads). Cervicovaginal false-negative errors by cytotechnologists ranged from 2% to 8%; such errors by cytopathologists ranged from 2.1% to 6.9%. Deficiencies and weaknesses detected by proficiency testing were remedied through a combination of surveillance and education.

Cell Biology↗