Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Mukherjee.
The Pruitt-Inahara shunt has been used selectively in difficult arterial reconstructions of the leg. The special situations when use of the shunt may be helpful have been enumerated herein. Lack of complications in the use of the shunt, easy workability, and direct visualization of the endarterectomized plaque are the attractive features of this device.
Data from 160 White children were used to analyze possible associations between iris pigmentation and AC pure-tone thresholds. Iris pigmentation was graded from iris color using glass models of eyes, and AC thresholds were obtained under carefully controlled conditions. Analyses of variance using two groupings of iris color grades showed no evidence of an association between iris color grade and AC thresholds. Furthermore, inspection of arrays of the actual glass eye models, in conjunction with the order of mean thresholds at each test frequency, did not indicate the presence of an association between iris color grades and thresholds. It was concluded that while iris pigmentation may be related to some aspects of hearing ability, it does not appear to be related to AC thresholds in children.
Serial AC threshold data recorded at 6-month intervals in 261 children aged 6 to 18 years have been analyzed for examination effects. After excluding effects of age, linear examination effects are shown by a multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures and by a regression method. The findings indicate that hearing sensitivity improves with repeated examination. In the present data, the cumulative examination effects for eight examinations at 6-month intervals approximate 3 dB at 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz and 5 dB at 4 and 6 kHz. The effects are larger in the right ear than in the left ear, but there is no significant sex difference. The recorded serial data have been adjusted for the estimated examination effects prior to further analyses.
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Lengths within the cranial base and vault were measured in cephalometric radiographs of 220 boys and 177 girls ranging in age from 0 to 15 years; all these children are participants in The Fels Longitudinal Growth Study. The present study is based on mixed longitudinal data derived from 1640 radiographs for boys and 1260 radiographs for girls. Factor analysis was applied separately for boys and girls for each age group; i.e., 0-3, 4-6, 7-9, 10-12, and 13-15 years. For the 0-3 year age group, two factors were extracted in each sex, whereas four factors were extracted in the rest of the age groups. The factor structures are similar in the three older age groups of boys (7-9, 10-12, and 13-15 years). The first four factors for these groups are labelled, respectively: cranial vault size, posterior cranial base length, presphenoid length, and basisphenoid length. The order of the third and fourth factors is reversed in the 7-9 year olds. For girls, the factors extracted were also the same in both the 7-9 and 10-12 year age groups, even though the order of factors was different between age groups; i.e., anterior cranial base length, cranial vault size, basisphenoid length, and basioccipital length. Differential growth rates among cranial base dimensions probably cause changes in factor patterns. Obliteration of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis is suggested as the mechanism responsible for the change of factor pattern in the girls. closure of this synchondrosis would have occurred too late to affect the patterns in boys.
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Adipocyte size and number, and total body fat were collected serially from boys and girls living in South-western Ohio. Sex-specific annual increments were computed across age for each of these variables. During adolescence, the boys had a near zero mean increment in total body fat, but the girls had a positive mean increment in total body fat. In both the boys and girls, there were negative mean increments in adipocyte size and positive mean increments in adipocyte number. Sex-specific age-to-age correlations are statistically significant for adipocyte number and total body fat but not for adipocyte size. These data indicate that increases in total body fat during adolescence may be due to increases in adipocyte number and that annual increments in adipocyte size may provide little information in regard to changes in total body fat.
Seventy-five patients with greater than or equal to 70% stenosis of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) were treated surgically between January 1974 and February 1980. The group consisted of 57 men and 18 women with a mean age of 62.8 years. All patients were symptomatic with angina pectoris, and 64 (85%) had unstable angina. Twenty-nine patients (38.6%) had electrocardiographic evidence (ECG) of old myocardial infarction (MI) and only six (8%) had a normal resting ECG. Preoperative exercise testing was done in 22 of the 75 patients. The stress test was positive in all patients, 17 (77%) of whom had greater than 2 mm ST depression; 90.6% (68/75) had significant right coronary artery disease. The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was inserted preoperatively in only four patients (5%) and was required in two additional patients postoperatively. The IABP was inserted preoperatively in four patients because of medically refractory angina and not on the basis of coronary anatomy alone. An average of three grafts per patient were inserted. There were three (4%) postoperative myocardial infarctions and two (2.6%) deaths. During the follow-up period, which comprised 105 patient-years, there was one myocardial infarction and one death. These data indicate that successful surgical treatment of left main coronary artery disease can be achieved with low mortality and that routine preoperative insertion of IABP is unnecessary.
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In contrast to normal subjects diabetic patients and very low plasma ascorbic acid and significantly high (p less than 0.001) dehydroascorbic acid irrespective of age, sex, duration of the disease, type of treatment, and glycemic control. However, there was no significant difference between the mean leukocyte ascorbate concentrations of the two populations. The in vitro rates of dehydroascorbate reduction in the hemolysate and the erythrocyte reduced glutathione levels and the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities, which regulate the dehydroascorbate reduction, were similar in normal and diabetic subjects. The turnover of ascorbic acid was higher in the diabetics than that in the normal volunteers. Experiments with diabetic rats indicated that the increased turnover of ascorbic acid was probably due to increased oxidation of ascorbate to dehydroascorbate in tissue mitochondria. Ascorbic acid supplementation at a dose of 500 mg per day for a brief period of 15 days resulted in an increase in the plasma ascorbate level temporarily, but it did not lower the blood glucose level of the diabetic patients.
The most efficient method for introducing a 14 beta-hydroxy group into a steroid with a 17 beta-side chain is reported. It can be used in the presence of an unsaturated lactone ring.
Arm span and stature were measured at 6-month intervals in 160 normal children from 8 to 15 years of age. The mean difference between arm span and stature is greater in boys than in girls at all ages. In boys, the mean arm span is always greater than mean stature. The difference in girls in always less than 1 cm, but the sign changes from negative to positive at 11.5 years. An arm span-stature difference outside the 90% confidence limits suggests the possibility of a clinical condition that differentially affects the elongation of the trunk and of the limbs.
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