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Biomedical subjects

D Muir

Publications and source records attributed to D Muir.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

The effect of manipulating maternal behavior during an interaction on three- and six-month-olds' affect and attention.

3 studies were designed to examine the "still-face" paradigm, in which mothers stared at their 3- or 6-month-olds for a brief, still-face period interposed between 2 periods of normal face-to-face interaction. 6-month-olds decreased smiling and gazing at their mothers and grimaced more during the still-face period relative to the other periods; no period effects occurred in a no-change control group (Studies 1 and 2). Similar results were obtained when mothers and their infants observed and interacted with each other over closed-circuit color television monitors (Study 3). Moreover, the same relative decline in the infants' visual attention and positive affect during the still-face period occurred to a change in mothers' facial display (a televised, prerecorded, still face vs. a televised, live, interacting face) regardless of the presence or absence of their interactive voices (sound on the infants' monitor turned on or off). 3-month-olds exhibited a significant still-face effect, but only when maternal touch was a part of the manipulation (Study 1 vs. 2); therefore, the televised procedure was not conducted. The still-face effect is a robust phenomenon, produced with either "live" or "televised" procedures, both of which offer promising techniques for examining models of socioemotional perception/understanding of infants.

Affect↗
PubMed1986

Acetate and fluoroacetate as possible markers for glial metabolism in vivo.

[3H]Acetate has been shown by light autoradiographic methods to label the neuropil but not the perikarya in brain and retina. [3H]Fluoroacetate behaves similarly. The study provides anatomical data which support the concept of metabolic compartmentation of glutamic acid and associated metabolites previously derived from biochemical studies. It is suggested that these may be markers of non-neuronal metabolism, probably mostly glial, and may be used to develop procedures which will provide complementary data to that obtained with 2-deoxyglucose on regional metabolism in brain.

Acetates↗
PubMed1982

Intrauterine growth retardation: a study of long-term morbidity.

Reported is the second phase of a prospective follow-up study of 76 growth-retarded children who were mature at birth and a control group of 88 children who had weights appropriate for gestational age at birth. Follow-up assessments of motor, cognitive, and language development were made between 1 and 6 years of age. The children of the intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) group continued to be smaller than the children of the control group between 12 and 60 months of age. There was no significant difference in the incidences of motor and cognitive handicap or developmental delay, language developmental delay, and tests of vision and hearing between the children of the IUGR group and the children of the control group. There was no significant differences in performance in senior kindergarten between the children of the IUGR group and those of the control group. There was a significant relationship between the socioeconomic status, as measured by the Blishen score at birth, and the subsequent occurrence of motor and cognitive deficits.

Body Height↗
PubMed1980

Infants' orientation to lateral sounds from birth to three months.

Head turning to off-centered sound was videotaped monthly in a group of infants during their first 3 months of life. Infants turned reliably toward the sound at birth and at 1 and 3 months of age. They failed to respond reliably at 2 months due to an increase in no-turn responses. Potential explanations for the temporary decline in orientation responses to sound are discussed.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed1979

Newborn infants orient to sounds.

In 2 experiments, the majority of 21 newborn infants who were maintained in an alert state consistently turned their heads toward a continuous sound source presented 90 degrees from midline. For most infants this orientation response was rather slow, taking median latencies of 2.5 sec to begin and 5.5 sec to end. The most important factors in producing this impressive response seem to be the method of holding the infants during testing and the nature of the auditory stimulus.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1978

Intrapartum fetal asphyxia: a preliminary report in regard to long-term morbidity.

This is a preliminary report of a prospective follow-up study of 42 infants who had episodes of intrapartum fetal asphyxia at delivery identified by an acid-base assessment and a control group of 69 babies who had no evidence of intrapartum fetal asphyxia. The newborn infants were mature at delivery. There were no major neurologic disabilities in the asphyxia group. The pattern of physical growth and the mental and physical development indices of the babies of the asphyxia group were similar to those of the control group babies at 12 months of age. Results have not as yet indicated that the mature fetus with at least a terminal episode of asphyxia will exhibit evidence of handicap due to central nervous system injury.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1978

Intrauterine growth retardation: a preliminary report of long-term morbidity.

This is a preliminary report of a prospective follow-up study of 88 intrauterine growth-retarded (IUGR) babies and a control group of 97 babies with weights appropriate for gestational age. The characteristic clinical features of IUGR pregnancies were observed in the obstetric patients of the IUGR group. The babies of the IUGR group have a phase of accelerated growth during the 3 months following delivery although they continue to be smaller than the babies of the control group at 12 months of age. No major neurologic abnormalities have been noted in the IUGR babies although behavioral differences were observed during the neonatal period and at 12 months of age. There were lower mental and physical development indices at 12 months of age which were due to the IUGR babies of lowest birth weight and those with a low maternal urinary estrogen index.

Asphyxia Neonatorum↗
PubMed1976

Responses of infants to visually presented objects.

The reaching behavior of some 60 infants between 7 and 23 days of age was studied. Contrary to some other reports, the infants did not respond differently to a visually presented, graspable, solid object than to its two-dimensional representation.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1976

Behavioural compensation of cats after early rotation of one eye.

Two cats, each with one eye surgically rotated by about 90, were trained (by two different behavioural methods) to discriminate horizontal from vertical stripes using the normal eye alone. When they had mastered the discrimination, the normal eye was occluded and the rotated eye was tested for transfer with neither stimulus reinforced. Both cats responded immediately and consistently to the same stimulus that they had learned to choose with the normal eye. These animals seem to have adapted to eye-rotation not only in terms of spatial localization but also in terms of the recognition of the orientation of contours. These behavioural compensations cannot be accounted for by simple changes in the organization of the visual cortex.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

An outbreak of pulmonary mycosis in respiratory burst-deficient (gp91(phox-/-))Mice with concurrent acidophilic macrophage pneumonia.

An outbreak of pulmonary abscessation due to the common environmental fungus Paecilomyces variotii occurred in a colony of gp91(phox-/-)mice, which lack functional NADPH oxidase, the enzyme complex responsible for generating the respiratory burst in phagocytes. Parenchyma surrounding the abscesses showed intense acidophilic macrophage pneumonia, and similar but much milder lesions were present in each of 24 gp91(phox-/-)mice free from other pulmonary lesions. These findings indicate a high prevalence of acidophilic macrophage pneumonia in gp91(phox-/-)mice, or at least in this particular stock. The presence of this lesion may complicate studies in which phagocyte-dependent pulmonary defence plays a significant role.

Animals↗