Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Morrow.
Duplications of the alimentary tract occur infrequently, and are usually isolated anomalies. In the infant described below, a complex clinical picture was the result of three distinct duplication in widely separated portions of the alimentary tract (esophagus, duodenum, ileum). Details of the clinical course and technical management of an extremely long ileal duplication form the basis for this report.
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Esophagoduodenostomy and loop esophagojejunostomy with or without enteroenterostomy may not be the optimal reconstructive procedures after total gastrectomy because of esophagitis and dumping. More effective esophagointestinal anastomoses have been described [1,3,4,8,9,12]. We have had good success using a Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy with and without a jejunal pouch after total gastrectomy for the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and agree that a jejunal pouch associated with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy as described by Hunt and Lawrence is an excellent reconstructive procedure [1,13]. Several reports using this type of procedure have emphasized the absence of alkaline reflux esophagitis and the ability of their patients to maintain ideal weight [1,2,8].
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The dynamic mechanical properties of purified collagen from bovine tendon were studied using a torsion pendulum in the temperature range of 120 degrees -360 degrees K at 0.3-1 cps. In the temperature range studied, two loss peaks were observed: a beta-peak at about 200 degrees K, and an alpha-peak approximately five times larger at about 280 degrees K. The temperature of the alpha-transition is shown to be dependent on water content, decreasing with increasing amount of water and shifting to lower temperatures. Broad-line proton magnetic resonance results were also obtained on similar samples. A narrow nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) line appears at about 250 degrees C. The effects of shrinkage to form gelatin and of cross-linking on the relaxation behavior of collagen were also studied. The motions taking place in collagen over the 120 degrees -360 degrees K range are discussed.
We examined age differences in referent choice strategies when narrative organization and presentation mode taxed working memory. Readers could use the following cues to choose referents for an ambiguous pronoun: (a) thematic cue (main/minor character), (b) foreground cue (character in main/subordinate clause), and (c) recency of mention of character. Subjects read short narratives with a critical sentence that mentioned the main character in the main clause of the critical sentence (congruent condition) or in the subordinate clause of this sentence (incongruent condition). They chose the main or minor character as referent for a pronoun in the next (target) sentence. Experiment 1 examined how older and young readers use these cues with the Memory narrative presentation (target sentence presented on a separate page from the rest of the narrative). Young readers used similar strategies as those in Morrow (1985), where narrative presentation did not tax memory. Thus, the Memory presentation had little influence on their strategies. However, older readers were less consistent and tended to split in choosing the two characters. In Experiment 2, where narrative presentation did not tax working memory, older readers used similar strategies to the young readers in Experiment 1. Experiment 3 found that elders reading narratives with the Memory presentation recalled the nonpreferred character name after the narrative, suggesting that both characters were accessible from working memory. The study suggests that the Memory presentation mode in Experiment 1 interfered with elders' consistent use of narrative cues in choosing referents, especially when these cues conflict.
We examined how pilot age influences radio communication and routine flying tasks during simulated flight, and if practice reduces age differences in these tasks. The communication task involved reading back and executing messages with four commands (heading, altitude, communication frequency, transponder code). Routine flying tasks included takeoff, visual approach, and landing. Fifteen older (X = 38.4 years) and 16 younger (X = 26.1 years) private-license pilots flew 12 flights involving these tasks. Age differences were found in the communication task; older pilots read back and executed controller messages less accurately. However, age differences were not significant for any of the routine flying tasks except the approach. Age differences in communication performance were not reduced by practice, with older and young pilots improving at roughly the same rate across flights. These results are consistent with previous research showing age-related declines in working memory capacity. Capacity declines would produce greater age differences on communication than on routine flying tasks because the communication tasks imposed a greater load on working memory.
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